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"Alsophila lepidoclada, synonym Cyathea lepidoclada, is a species of tree fern native to central and eastern New Guinea, where it is locally common in rain forest and mossy forest at an altitude of 200–1000 m. The trunk of this species is erect and usually 2–3 m tall. Fronds are bipinnate, about 1.5 m in length, and form a sparse crown. The stipe bears blunt spines and scales towards the base. These scales are glossy, dark brown in colouration, and have a paler, thin margin. The round sori are borne in groups of four to five per fertile segment. They are covered by deep, firm indusia that are cup-like in appearance. References lepidoclada Category:Endemic flora of New Guinea "
"Nürensdorf is a municipality in the district of Bülach in the canton of Zürich in Switzerland. History Nürensdorf is first mentioned around 1150 as Noelistorf. In 1277 it was mentioned as Nueristorf. Aerial view (1964) Geography Nürensdorf school and Chappel of St. Oswald Nürensdorf has an area of . Of this area, 48.6% is used for agricultural purposes, while 32.1% is forested. The rest of the land, (19.2%) is settled. The municipality is located on the south west edge of the Brütten plateau. The main village is Nürensdorf, a Haufendorf (an irregular, unplanned and quite closely packed village, built around a central square) which was a Straßendorf (Linear village) until about 1700. The municipality also includes the town sections of Birchwil (first mentioned around 1155 as Byrchenwilare), Breite and Oberwil, the hamlets of Hakab, Breitenloo, Chlihus and until 1931 Baltenswil (now part of Bassersdorf). Additionally, since 1869, the village of Breitehof has been part of the municipality. Demographics Nürensdorf has a population (as of ) of . , 11.3% of the population was made up of foreign nationals. Over the last 10 years the population has grown at a rate of 12.9%. Most of the population () speaks German (90.6%), with Italian being second most common (2.2%) and French being third (1.2%). In the 2007 election the most popular party was the SVP which received 45.6% of the vote. The next three most popular parties were the FDP (15.3%), the SPS (11.8%) and the CSP (9.5%). The age distribution of the population () is children and teenagers (0–19 years old) make up 22.5% of the population, while adults (20–64 years old) make up 66.2% and seniors (over 64 years old) make up 11.3%. In Nürensdorf about 83.9% of the population (between age 25-64) have completed either non-mandatory upper secondary education or additional higher education (either university or a Fachhochschule). Nürensdorf has an unemployment rate of 1.75%. , there were 68 people employed in the primary economic sector and about 29 businesses involved in this sector. 327 people are employed in the secondary sector and there are 42 businesses in this sector. 452 people are employed in the tertiary sector, with 111 businesses in this sector.Swiss Federal Statistical Office accessed 30-Jul-2009 ReferencesExternal links * Official website Category:Municipalities of the canton of Zürich "
"Jaw wiring is a medical procedure to keep the jaw closed for a period of time. Originally, it was used as the mandibular equivalent of a cast, to fix the jaw in place while a fracture healed. Today, jaws may also be wired for weight- loss purposes, to prevent the ingestion of solid food. Mechanism Jaw wiring is performed by attaching orthodontic brackets to the teeth, and wrapping pliable wire either around or through the brackets. The wiring may be configured to place the patient’s lower jaw in a semi-closed resting position. This permits a moderate amount of jaw movement and relatively clear speech, but inhibits the ingestion of solid foods, forcing patients to adhere to a liquid diet. Types of jaw wiring = Inter-maxillary fixation = The type of jaw wiring used in patients with mandibular fractures, or those who need orthognathic surgery to correct deformed jaws, is known as inter- maxillary fixation (IMF) or maxillo-mandibular fixation (MMF). It is performed by an oral surgeon, who attaches an "arch bar" to the upper jaw and another to the lower jaw with thin wires that are threaded between and around the teeth. The arch bars completely enwrap the dental arch. The upper and lower arch bars are connected to each other with elastics, compressing the upper teeth against the lower teeth and preventing jaw movement. IMF is an invasive procedure performed under general anesthesia. Once the bones have set (usually after 8–10 weeks), the wiring is removed under local anesthesia or nitrous oxide sedation. = Orthodontic jaw wiring = The second type of jaw wiring is called orthodontic jaw wiring (OJW) or dental jaw wiring, and can be used as a treatment for obesity and compulsive overeating. In this procedure, a dentist or orthodontist attaches braces to certain teeth (typically the canines and premolars) and inserts wiring, but not elastics, between the upper and lower teeth in a figure-8 pattern. The wiring is removed periodically to allow the jaw joints to move freely, especially in the vertical direction. The procedure is not invasive and does not require anesthesia. Unlike inter-maxillary fixation, OJW does not keep the upper and lower teeth in contact. The sole purpose of the wiring is to limit the extent to which the jaws may open. In the resting position, the teeth are parted 2–4 millimeters, with the lips lightly touching. Orthodontic jaw wiring is removed when the patient has achieved their weight loss goals. References External links * Image * Image Category:Jaw surgery "