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"A yard globe, also known as a garden globe, gazing ball, lawn ball, garden ball, gazing globe, mirror ball, chrome ball, or orb, is a mirrored sphere typically displayed atop a conical ceramic or wrought iron stand, and sometimes the grass, as a lawn ornament. Sizes ranges from up to in diameter, with the most popular gazing ball being . Gazing balls were glass but can now be stainless steel, acrylic, ceramic, or stained glass. Unlike hanging friendship balls or witch balls that have a loop, gazing balls come in a variety, with some having a stem so they can securely sit in a stand, while others are more uniform in shape and can sit on grass. Larger sizes can be made but prove difficult to place on the stand due to the weight of the globe. Breda, Netherlands History Gazing balls originated in 13th century Venice, Italy, where they were hand-blown by skilled craftsmen. King Ludwig II of Bavaria, sometimes referred to as Mad King Ludwig, is said to have adorned his Herrenchiemsee palace with lawn balls, however, the palace and gardens were never finished after Ludwig died in 1885. Sometime later the gardens, based on Versailles, were open to the public and visitors may have seen the lawn balls, but the Victorian period was quickly coming to an end. By the 1880s and 90s the nature of English landscape was changing dramatically with William Robinson's and Gertrude Jekyll's designs. It would be difficult to say that Mad King Ludwig had much influence in the area of garden ornaments. Gazing balls enjoyed a brief resurgence in popularity in the 1930s. They appear in a number of modernistic gardens of the period as a variation on the traditional sundial or birdbath centrepiece. Many of them from this period may have been made in polished metal rather than glass. Their popularity was probably influenced by the illuminated glass globe which was the central focal point of the modernist garden shown at the Exposition Internationale des Arts Decoratifs et Industriels Modernes, Paris, in 1925. The "Jardin d’Eau et de Lumière" was triangular in shape, largely consisting of tiered triangular reflecting pools and planting beds. At the center of the ensemble was an electrically propelled and internally illuminated sphere of stained glass. "The mirror globe turning slowly to reflect lights is rather a night-club trick than a serious attempt at garden decoration. But it is completely successful in focusing the interest and relieving, by its unexpected location, what would otherwise be an altogether stiff pattern." Other modernist garden designs followed, using plain metal or glass mirror globes; notable examples included several roof top gardens developed by Department Stores in London, America and Australia. The gazing ball suited the geometric clean lines of the Art Deco style especially the visual connection with the chrome plating which was part of the Streamline-moderne aesthetic of the 1930s and 1940s – so much so in fact that they became identified in many people's minds as an invention of the 1930s. Subsequently, many people in the 1950s and afterwards viewed them as a bit tacky; an example of prosaic suburban taste of the interwar period on a level with garden gnomes – they have never quite regained status. See also *Kugel ball *Garden ornament *Front yard *Christmas ornament *Crystal ball References Category:Garden ornaments Category:Balls "
"The NS Class 1600 is a type of B′B′ electric locomotive built by Alstom between 1980 and 1983 based on the SNCF Class BB 7200, and in use by the Dutch Railways since 1981. They were styled by the French industrial designer Paul Arzens. The Class 1600 was ordered in 1978, after several types of locomotives were tested in the 1970s. One of those was the SNCF BB 7200, on which the 1600 is based. The 58 locomotives were delivered between 1981 and 1983. As a result of their delivery, the old Class 1000 and Class 1500 units were taken out of service. Thanks to the electronic power control, these locomotives were not only the most economical but also the most powerful locomotives that Dutch Railways had. NS/Railion Class 1600 In 1999 the freight division of NS, NS Cargo, was sold to Deutsche Bahn became part of Railion as Railion Nederland. The locomotives that became the property of Railion kept their old number (1601–1637). No. 1637 was repainted red as an advertisement for the Dutch brewery Heineken and was repainted in NS Yellow in 2004. Currently, Railion Nederland is looking to replace the Class 1600 locomotives with new multi- current locomotives type BR 189 from Germany. In early 2008 these started running into the Netherlands from Germany. NS Class 1800 The locomotives that went to NS-Reizigers (1638–1658) had their numbers raised by 200, thus keeping their number but now in the 1800 series. In later years 10 more of the 1600 locomotives were sold to NS-Reizigers and subsequently renumbered to the 1800 series. The 1800 series was now 1823, 1824 and 1826 to 1858. Retaining the last 2 digits of their number. No. 1838 was involved in a heavy but non- fatal train crash at Amsterdam Central Station in 2005 and due to the extensive damage later scrapped. Names All the 1600s and 1800s carry names & crests of Dutch towns and cities. { -valign="top" * 1601t \- Amsterdam * 1602 - Schiphol * 1603t \- Zutphen † * 1604 - Dordrecht * 1605 - Breda † * 1606a \- Harderwijk * 1607t \- Vlissingen † * 1608t \- 's-Hertogenbosch † * 1609a \- Hoofddorp * 1610sp \- Hengelo † * 1611 - Venlo * 1612 - Goes * 1613 - Roermond * 1614 - Schiedam * 1615 - Zandvoort * 1616 - Oldenzaal * 1617t \- Assen † * 1618t \- Almelo * 1619a \- Maastricht * 1620t \- Arnhem † * 1621a \- Deventer * 1622 - Haarlem † * 1823t \- Hilversum * 1824t \- Alkmaar * 1625 - Sittard † * 1826 - Meppel † * 1827l \- Gouda * 1828t \- Apeldoorn * 1829t \- Ede * 1830t \- Zwolle * 1831l \- Voorburg * 1832HSL \- Nijmegen * 1833t \- Bergen op Zoom * 1834l \- Lelystad * 1835h \- Enschede * 1836l \- Heerenveen * 1837t \- Amersfoort * 1838 - Groningen † * 1839t \- Leiden † * 1840t \- Steenwijk * 1841 - Almere † * 1842t \- Weert † * 1843t \- Heerlen † * 1844t \- Roosendaal † * 1845t \- Middelburg † * 1846t \- Leeuwarden † * 1847t \- Delft † * 1848t \- Valkenburg † * 1849t \- Oss † * 1850t \- Den Haag † * 1851t \- Tilburg † * 1852 - Utrecht † * 1853t \- Den Helder † * 1854t \- Geleen † * 1855t \- Eindhoven † * 1856m \- Hoogeveen * 1857t \- Rotterdam † * 1858t \- Zaandam † } * a = These engines have been sold to Husa Transportation - Railway Services Nederland BV. * l = These engines have been sold to Locon Benelux. * h = This engine is on hire to the Bentheimer Eisenbahn AG. * sp = Engine sold for spare parts to Shunter (maintenance company). * t = These engines have been taken out of service and are not expected to return in service in the near future. * † = These engines have been scrapped, due to an accident or because they were taken out of service. * m = This engine is now part of the Railway Collection from the Railway Museum in Utrecht. See also Class 1700, similar to the 1600/1800 class. Some of the Class 1700 have automatic couplers (so they can quickly couple the NS DD-AR double-decker trains they are used for), which is missing on the 1600/1800 (which have never been used for these trains). The Class 1700 is a modernised version, is heavier than the 1600/1800, and has different (i.e. more modern) systems for braking and "Automatische Trein Beinvloeding ATB" (Automatic Train Control). References External links * Class 1600 Railfaneurope.net * NS Reizigers Somda Category:B′B′ locomotives Category:Alstom locomotives 1600 Category:1500 V DC locomotives Category:Electric locomotives of the Netherlands Category:Standard gauge locomotives of the Netherlands Category:Railway locomotives introduced in 1981 "
"This Is Donovan is a compilation album from Scottish singer-songwriter Donovan. Some sources date the album from 1969, while others claim it was released in West Germany (Epic Records BN 26 277) in 1971 and in the Netherlands (Epic Records LP – S 66 251) in 1974. History Epic Records compiled many Donovan songs that did not appear on Donovan's Greatest Hits into a two record set titled This Is Donovan for the continental European market. Epic would later assemble a similar release as The World of Donovan tailored to fit the United States market. Track listing All tracks by Donovan Leitch, except where noted. =Side one= #"Under the Greenwood Tree" (words by William Shakespeare, music by Donovan Leitch) #"Writer in the Sun" #"Sand and Foam" #"Ferris Wheel" #"As I Recall It" #"Three King Fishers" =Side two= #"Laleña" #"Little Boy in Corduroy" #"Isle of Islay" #"The River Song" #"The Sun Is a Very Magic Fellow" #"Hampstead Incident" =Side three= #"There is a Mountain" #"Happiness Runs" #"West Indian Lady" #"The Enchanted Gypsy" #"Sunny South Kensington" #"Young Girl Blues" =Side four= #"Someone Singing" #"Where Is She" #"The Land of Doesn't Have to Be" #"Celeste" #"Mad John's Escape" #"Catch the Wind" Category:Albums produced by Mickie Most Category:1969 compilation albums Category:Donovan compilation albums Category:Epic Records compilation albums "