❤️ John Pascoe 🐗

"John Henry Pascoe (born 10 December 1948) is a former Chief Justice of the Family Court of Australia and Deputy Chancellor of the University of New South Wales. Background and career Pascoe was raised in and , the only child of a grazier and a mother with interests in the mining industry. He studied Asian languages and philosophy at the Australian National University, graduating with a Bachelor of Arts in 1969 and Bachelor of Laws (Honours) in 1971. Prior to his appointment to the bench, Pascoe was the Chairman and CEO of George Weston Foods, Chairman of Centrelink, Deputy Chairman of Aristocrat Leisure Limited and managing director of the Insurance and Risk Management Division of Phillips Fox. He has also held positions on several other corporate boards, such as Qantas. Pascoe was a member of the board of directors (1998–2006) of the International Award Foundation (which operates the Duke of Edinburgh's International Award and National Chair (1995–2004 of the Duke of Edinburgh's International Award – Australia) and in 2016 he was awarded a Gold Distinguished Service Medal. Previously he has held positions on the boards of the Cancer Council of New South Wales, the Sydney Opera House Trust, and the Royal Alexandra Hospital for Children. Pascoe's appointment as Chief Judge has been widely applauded as a result of the significant management skills that he has brought to the Federal Circuit Court of Australia, which continues to be the most rapidly expanding court in Australia. The Federal Circuit Court is the largest federal court in Australia. In December 2015, Pascoe was appointed as the Australian delegate to The Hague working group considering an international surrogacy convention. Community John was appointed (1995–2004) as National Chair of the Duke of Edinburgh's International Award – Australia and as an International Trustee of the Award from 1998 to 2006. Honours In 2002 Pascoe was appointed an Officer of the Order of Australia for service to business and commerce, to children's health, particularly the needs and rights of patients and their families, to the Children's Hospital at Westmead, and to youth training, nationally and internationally, through the Duke of Edinburgh's Award Scheme. Pascoe was appointed Commander of the Royal Victorian Order (CVO) in the 2010 New Year Honours for his services to the Duke of Edinburgh's International Award and in January 2016 was appointed a Companion of the Order of Australia for eminent service to the law and to the judiciary, through support for improved access to the justice system for Indigenous peoples, to legal administration and higher education, and as an advocate for the prevention of international trafficking of children. References Category:1948 births Category:Living people Category:Judges of the Family Court of Australia Category:Australian chief executives Category:Australian corporate directors Category:University of New South Wales faculty Category:Australian National University alumni Category:Officers of the Order of Australia Category:Australian Commanders of the Royal Victorian Order Category:Companions of the Order of Australia Category:Judges of the Federal Circuit Court of Australia Category:21st-century Australian judges "

❤️ Székely Land 🐗

"The flag of Székely Land voted by the Szekler National Council. Coat of arms The historical Székely seats on the map of present-day Romania Historical flag of Székely Land The Székely Land or SzeklerlandGeorge Schöpflin, Nations, Identity, Power: The New Politics of Europe, C. Hurst & Co. Publishers, 2000, p. 404 (, ; (also Secuimea); ; )James Minahan, Encyclopedia of the stateless nations. 4. S - Z, Greenwood Publishing Group, 2002, p. 1810 is a historic and ethnographic area in Romania, inhabited mainly by Székelys. Its cultural centre is the city of Târgu Mureș (Marosvásárhely), the largest settlement in the region. Székelys (or Szeklers), a subgroup of Hungarians, live in the valleys and hills of the Eastern Carpathian Mountains, corresponding to the present-day Harghita, Covasna, and parts of Mureș counties in Romania. Originally, the name Székely Land denoted the territories of a number of autonomous Székely seats within Transylvania. The self-governing Szekler seats had their own administrative system,Józsa Hévizi, Thomas J. DeKornfeld, Autonomies in Hungary and Europe: a comparative study, Corvinus Society, 2005, p. 195 and existed as legal entities from medieval times until the 1870s. The privileges of the Székely and Saxon seats were abolished and seats were replaced with counties in 1876. Along with Transylvania and eastern parts of Hungary proper, Székely Land became a part of Romania in 1920, in accordance with the Treaty of Trianon. In August 1940, as a consequence of the Second Vienna Award, the northern territories of Transylvania, including Székely Land, were ceded to Hungary, under Third Reich auspices. Northern Transylvania came under the control of Soviet and Romanian forces in 1944, and were confirmed as part of Romania by the Paris peace treaties, signed after World War II, in 1947. Under the name Magyar Autonomous Region, with Târgu-Mureș as capital, parts of Székely Land enjoyed a certain level of autonomy between 8 September 1952 and 16 February 1968. There are territorial autonomy initiatives with the aim to obtain self-governance for this region within Romania. Geography The exact territory of present-day Szeklerland is disputed. The boundaries of the historical Székely seats and the present-day administrative divisions of Romania are dissimilar. According to Minahan its territory is an estimated . The autonomy proposal of the Szekler National Council consists of about 13,000 km2. This size is close to the extent of the historical Székely Land. However, it does not contain the region of Aranyos Seat. The UDMR's autonomy project covers a slightly bigger territory. It includes the whole territories of Mureș, Harghita, and Covasna counties. History Székely flag - Kurultáj, 2014 =The ancient period= Transylvania was populated by Thracian peoples in the First Iron Age. The area received a large influx of Scythians from the East in the first half of the first millennium BC. The Celts appeared in Transylvania in the La Tène period (c. 4th century BC). Dacian culture presence in southeastern Transylvania is marked by discoveries such as the flagship hoard Sâncrăieni (Harghita county) or Dacian fortresses in Covasna county (Cetatea Zânelor) or Jigodin (Harghita county). Dacian Kingdom led by Decebal was taken after two wars, in 106 AD by the Roman Empire under the emperor Trajan, who began organizing the new Roman province of Dacia. Southeastern Transylvania was included in the provinces of Dacia Porolissensis, Dacia Apulensis and Meuse and fortified with numerous camps such as those at Inlăceni ( Praetoria Augusta) and Sânpaul (Harghita county) Breţcu (Angustia) and Oltenia (Covasna county) or Brâncoveneşti and Călugăreni (Mureș county). After the fall of Roman Dacia, present-day territory of Szeklerland became part of the Thervingi kingdom "Gutthiuda". The migration of the Huns from the east pressured most of the German tribes to leave. In the Battle of Nedao the East Germanic Gepids defeated the Huns and founded Gepidia in the territory of present-day Transylvania. This marked the end of the Hunnic Empire. =The medieval period= The territory of Szeklerland was part of the Avar Khaganate. During this period, Avar and Slavic groups migrated into Transylvania. From around 900 to 1526 the area was under the direct control of the Hungarian state. The Szeklers presumably settled in Transylvania in the 12th century from present day Bihar and Bihor counties. Ancient Hungarian legends suggest a connection between the Székelys and Attila's Huns. The origin of the Székely people is still debated. The Székely seats were the traditional self-governing territorial units of the Transylvanian Székelys during medieval times. (Saxons were also organised in seats.) The Seats were not part of the traditional Hungarian county system, and their inhabitants enjoyed a higher level of freedom (especially until the 18th century) than those living in the counties. From the 12th and 13th centuries, the Székely Land enjoyed a considerable but varying amount of autonomy, first as a part of the Kingdom of Hungary, then inside the Principality of Transylvania. The autonomy was largely due to the military service the Székely provided until the beginning of the 18th century. The medieval Székely Land was an alliance of the seven autonomous Székely seats of Udvarhely, Csík, Maros, Sepsi, Kézdi, Orbai and Aranyos. The number of seats later decreased to five, when Sepsi, Kézdi and Orbai seats were united into one territorial unit called Háromszék (literally Three seats). The main seat was Udvarhely seat, which was also called the Principal seat () At Székelyudvarhely (Odorheiu Secuiesc) were held many national assemblies of the Székelys A known exception is the 1554 assembly, which took place at Marosvásárhely (Târgu Mureș)http://mek.oszk.hu/03100/03187/03187.pdf =Modern era= Due to the Ottoman conquest Transylvania became a semi-independent polity. From the end of the 17th century, Transylvania became part of the Habsburg Monarchy (later Austrian Empire), and governed by imperial governors. In 1867, as a result of the Austro-Hungarian Compromise, Transylvania become an integral part of the Kingdom of Hungary, within Austria-Hungary. In 1876, a general administrative reform abolished all the autonomous areas in the Kingdom of Hungary and created a unified system of counties. As a result, the autonomy of the Székely Land came to an end as well. Four counties were created in its place: Udvarhely, Háromszék, Csík, and Maros-Torda. (Only half of the territory of Maros-Torda originally belonged to Székely Land.) The isolated Aranyosszék became a district of Torda-Aranyos county. In December 1918, in the wake of the First World War, Romanian delegates from throughout Transylvania voted to join the Kingdom of Romania. There was an attempt in Székelyudvarhely to found a "Székely Republic" on 9 January 1919; however, its creation was unsuccessful.BÉLA KÖPECZI, HISTORY OF TRANSYLVANIA, Volume III. From 1830 to 1919, Atlantic Research and Publications, Inc., 2001-2002, p. 784 In 1920, by the Treaty of Trianon, Transylvania along with further territories was officially ceded to the Kingdom of Romania. The Romanian language officially replaced Hungarian in the Székely Land, but Székely county boundaries were preserved, and Székely districts were able to elect their own officials at local level and to preserve Hungarian-language education. After 1930, the Romanian authorities began to Romanianize the Hungarian population of Székely Land.;Sándor Bíró, The Nationalities Problem in Transylvania, 1867-1940: A Social History of the Romanian Minority Under Hungarian Rule, 1867-1918 and of the Hungarian Minority Under Romanian Rule, 1918-1940, Social Science Monographs, 1992, p. 486. the presence of minorities in political life was repressed. The election of Hungarians was consistently nullified. The place-names were subjected to Romanianization. The minority languages were excised from official life and the local authorities were mostly led by appointed ethnic Romanians.Michael Mandelbaum, The New European Diasporas: National Minorities and Conflict in Eastern Europe, Council on Foreign Relations Press, 2000, p. 33 In 1940, as a result of the Second Vienna Award, Northern Transylvania became part of Hungary again; this territory included most of the historical Székely areas. Hungarian authorities subsequently restored the pre-Trianon structure with slight modifications. Ion Gigurtu's antisemitic laws, the Romanian version of Nuremberg Laws, were replaced by Hungarian ones. The Jews of the Székely Land were subjected to particularly harsh treatment. These individuals had their citizenship status reviewed, many of them being detained. In Csíkszereda (Miercurea Ciuc), dozens of families were rounded up and expelled. The men in the area were drafted into forced labor battalions. For example, 1,200 Jewish males of Marosvásárhely (Târgu Mureș) were conscripted between 1941 and 1944; over half died in Ukraine, Poland and Hungary.Shmuel Spector, Geoffrey Wigoder (eds.), The Encyclopedia of Jewish Life Before and During the Holocaust: Seredina-Buda-Z, p. 1289. NYU Press, 2001, However, despite discrimination and many casualties, most of the community lived in relative safety until the March 1944 occupation of Hungary by Nazi Germany. A conference devoted to the concentration of Jews in the Székely Land was held on 28 April 1944; it covered the counties of Csík, Háromszék, Maros-Torda and Udvarhely. The area's Jews were ghettoized in Szászrégen (Reghin), Sepsiszentgyörgy (Sfântu Gheorghe) and Marosvásárhely. Roundups began on 3 May 1944 and were completed within a week. The Hungarian authorities actively participated in the crimes of the Nazis. The Jews ghettoized at Sepsiszentgyörgy were later sent to Szászrégen, whence on 4 June 1944, 3,149 were boarded on a train bound for the Auschwitz concentration camp. Three transports left Marosvásáhely for Auschwitz: on 27 May, 30 May and 8 June 1944; altogether, they carried 7,549 Jews."The Holocaust in Northern Transylvania", part of the Final Report of the International Commission on the Holocaust in Romania, at the Yad Vashem site Székely Land as envisaged by the autonomy supporters based on the historical Székely seats. On 12 September 1944, the Second Vienna Award was voided by the Allied Commission through the Armistice Agreement with Romania, and the Romanian-Soviet forces seized the area in Autumn 1944; however, the Romanian administration was expelled from these territories in October due to the activities of the Romanian paramilitary groups created in the area to avenge the atrocities committed by the Hungarians against the Romanians during the Hungarian rule in Northern Transylvania.Rogers Brubaker, Nationalist Politics and Everyday Ethnicity in a Transylvanian Town, Princeton University Press, 2006, p. 80 For instance, the so-called Iuliu Maniu Guards terrorized the Szekler villages, butchered the local Hungarians by axe and hatchet and operated a death camp in Feldioara.FBIS Daily Report: East Europe, Issues 159-169, Issues 159-169, The Service, 1988, p. 6The New Hungarian Quarterly, Volumes 31-32, Corvina Press, 1990, p. 34"Magyar civilek internálása 1944 őszén Romániában, Hungarian Civilians’ Relocation in the Autumn of 1944 in Romania. The Death Camp from Feldioara in the Collective Memory)", Hungarians from Transylvania in Soviet Captivity between 1945 and 1953 – Lectures, Exhibitions at Sapientia University – This paramilitary group was described as "a band of terrorist- chauvinistic criminals"Bogdan C. Iacob, History of Communism in Europe vol. 3 / 2012, Zeta Books, 2012, p. 53 by the Soviets. The USSR let the Romanian authorities back to the area in March 1945, and the Paris Peace Treaties officially returned Northern Transylvania to Romania. Following the Northern Transylvania's return to Romania after World War II, a Magyar Autonomous Region was created in 1952 under the Soviets' pressure,Nicolae Edroiu, Vasile Pușcaș, The Hungarians of Romania, Fundaţia Culturalǎ Românǎ, 1996, p. 27Plural Societies, Volume 18, Foundation for the Study of Plural Societies., 1988, p. 71 which encompassed most of the land inhabited by the Székelys. In 1960, the region was renamed to Mureș-Magyar Autonomous Region. It was abolished in 1968, when Romania, following an administrative reform, returned to its traditional local administrative system based on counties. Roughly speaking, present-day Harghita County encompasses the former Udvarhely and Csík, the latter including Gyergyószék; Covasna County covers more or less the territory of the former Háromszék; and what was once Maros-Torda is mostly part of present-day Mureş County. The former Aranyosszék is today divided between Cluj and Alba counties. Nicolae Ceaușescu got to power in 1965. For the next couple of decades, due to the Romanianization efforts, a large number of ethnic Romanians settled in Székely Land.Ingrid Piller, Linguistic Diversity and Social Justice: An Introduction to Applied Sociolinguistics, Oxford University Press, 2016, p. 101 Those Székely Hungarians who possessed degrees were subjected to resettlement. In March 1990, the city of Târgu Mureș witnessed violent clashes between ethnic Romanian and Hungarian groups. After the fall of communism, many hoped that the former Magyar Autonomous Region, abolished by Nicolae Ceauşescu's regime, would soon be restored. This did not happen; however, there are Székely autonomy initiativesManifesto of the Szekely Assembly and further efforts from Székely organisations to reach a higher level of self-governance for the Székely Land within Romania. On 2 February 2009, Romanian President Traian Băsescu met the Hungarian President László Sólyom in Budapest and discussed the issues of minority rights and regional autonomy. Băsescu stated "The Hungarian minority will never be given territorial autonomy." In 2014, the UDMR and the Hungarian Civic Party had a joint autonomy proposal for Szeklerland but the Szekler National Council also possessed its own suggestion. In 2016, Hans G. Klemm, the United States Ambassador to Romania, together with other local officials, were pictured with a Szekler flag during his visit to Szeklerland. The photo was posted by the mayor of Sfântu Gheorghe on Facebook. The reactions of the politicians in Bucharest were turbulent. In a response Klemm affirmed that the only two flags that are important to him, as a diplomat, are the U.S. and the Romanian ones.http://www.nineoclock.ro/new-reactions-in-row-over-photo-showing- american-ambassador-holding-szekely-flag-we-were-not-dishonest-with- ambassador-u-s-ambassador-says-sfantu-gheorghe-mayor/ Image:Székely counties towns.svgTraditional Székely Land (19th century) File:Hungarian autonomous province02.pngHungarian autonomous provinces under the Communist era File:Szekelyfold.svgPresent-day counties of Harghita, Covasna, and Mureș within Romania =Constitutional issues= Article 1 of the Romanian Constitution defines the country as a "sovereign, independent, unitary and indivisible national state." It has often been argued that, as a result of this provision, any ethnic-based territorial autonomy, including that of the Székely Land, would be unconstitutional. The Supreme Council of National Defence of Romania declared that an autonomy of the so-called Székely Land would be unconstitutional. Population In 2002 the estimated ethnic composition of Székely Land (Mureș, Covasna and Harghita counties) consisted of Hungarians (61%), Romanians (33%), Germans (3%) and Roma (3%). The area forms a Hungarian ethnic enclave within present-day Romania.Béla Tomka, A Social History of Twentieth-Century Europe, Routledge, 2013, p. 411Sherrill Stroschein, Ethnic Struggle, Coexistence, and Democratization in Eastern Europe, Cambridge University Press, 2012, p. 210 Cited: "Székely, a Hungarian sub-group that is concentrated in the mountainous Hungarian enclave" The population of historical Székely Land (according to the 2002 census) is 809,000, 612,043 of them Hungarians, accounting for 75.65% of the total. The Hungarians represent 59% of the populations of Harghita, Covasna and Mureș counties. The percentage of Hungarians is higher in Harghita and Covasna (84.8% and 73.58% respectively), and lower in Mureș County, not all of which falls inside the traditional region (37.82%). According to the 2011 official census, 609,033 Hungarians (56.8%) live in the counties of Covasna, Harghita and Mureș (out of a total population of 1,071,890 inhabitants). In Mureș county the Romanians are the most numerous (52.6%), while in the counties of Covasna and Harghita, the Hungarians make up the majority (71.6% and 82.9%). The 2011 census compared to the data of the previous census (2002) also shows that the Romanian ethnic ratio in Szeklerland has been decreasing (due to emigration).Horváth István, Tonk Márton, Minority politics within the Europe of regions, Editura ISPMN, 2014, p. 205 Târgu Mureș is the home for the largest community of Hungarians in Romania (57,532 in 2011), but the town itself has a Romanian majority (66,943 out of 127,849 inhabitants). Important centers of the Székely Land are Târgu-Mureş (Marosvásárhely), Miercurea Ciuc (Csíkszereda), Sfântu Gheorghe (Sepsiszentgyörgy), and Odorheiu Secuiesc (Székelyudvarhely). Image:Szekely03 original map.pngEthnic map of Harghita, Covasna, and Mureș based on the 1992 data, showing areas with Hungarian majority Image:Szekely03.pngEthnic map of Harghita, Covasna, and Mureș based on the 2002 data, showing areas with Hungarian majority Image:Szekely04.pngEthnic map of Harghita, Covasna, and Mureș based on the 2011 data, showing areas with Hungarian majority Culture The contemporary building of the Târgu Mureș National Theatre inaugurated in 1973 =Theatres and orchestras= *Târgu Mureș National Theatre is the continuator of the Szekler Theater established in 1946 by Miklós Tompa; it has two language sections, Hungarian and Romanian *Tamási Áron Theatre in Sfântu Gheorghe, established in 1948 *Ariel Theatre for Children and Youth in Târgu Mureș, established in 1949 (Hungarian and Romanian sections) *Târgu Mureș State Philharmonic Orchestra, established in 1950 *Figura Stúdió Theatre in Gheorgheni (1990) *Csíki Játékszín Municipal Theatre in Miercurea Ciuc (1998) *Tomcsa Sándor Theatre in Odorheiu Secuiesc (1998) =Mass media= Public *TVR Târgu Mureș (Hungarian and Romanian sections) *Radio Târgu Mureș (Hungarian and Romanian sections) Private *Erdély TV (Târgu Mureș) *Erdély FM (Târgu Mureș) *Radio GaGa (Târgu Mureș) *Sepsi Rádió (Sfântu Gheorghe) *Siculus Rádió (Târgu Secuiesc) Education Teleki-Bolyai Library *Teleki Library in Târgu Mureș (1802) *University of Medicine, Pharmacy, Science and Technology of Târgu Mureș (1945) *Târgu Mureș University of Arts (1946) *Sapientia University (2001) (in Târgu Mureș and Miercurea Ciuc) Sport The Székely ice hockey team Sport Club of Csíkszereda, with mainly home trained, local players (Székelys), plays simultaneously in the MOL League (Hungarian League) and in the Romanian Ice Hockey Championship. Starting with the 2010/2011 season, the Sport Club ice hockey team participated at the championships under the name HSC Csíkszereda and that year it won its first MOL League title as well. The team's main achievements so far: The Romanian Championship (fifteen times winner): 1949, 1952, 1957, 1960, 1963, 1997, 2000, 2004, 2007, 2008, 2009, 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013. The Romanian Cup (ten times winner): 1950, 1952, 1995, 2001, 2003, 2006, 2007, 2010, 2011, 2014. Pannonian League (one-time winner): 2004. MOL League (one-time winner): 2011. The majority of the Romanian men's national ice hockey team consist of Székely players. The national team are ranked 28th in the 2010 IIHF World Rankings and currently compete in Division IIA. Tourist attractions Fortified church of Aita Mare *Székely fortified churches - more than 20 Székely villages count fortified churches *Baroque church at Şumuleu Ciuc (Csíksomlyó), a major Roman Catholic pilgrimage site *Rural tourism *Hiking in the Carpathians *Mofette, spas *Mineral springs, thermal baths *Salt mines (treatment against allergy and asthma) *Traditional Székely handicrafts (pottery, wood carving) *Mikó Castle *Kálnoky Castle *Teleki Library *Székely National Museum (Muzeul Național Secuiesc/Székely Nemzeti Múzeum), Sfântu Gheorghe/Sepsiszentgyörgy *Szekler Museum of Ciuc (Muzeul Secuiesc al Ciucului/Csíki Székely Múzeum), Miercurea-Ciuc/Csíkszereda Image gallery File:Darjiu Ansamblu (1).JPGThe fortified church of Dârjiu/Székelyderzs is on UNESCO's World Heritage List File:Szent István kápolna Kézdiszentlélek.jpgSt. Stephen chapel of Sânzieni/ originally built in the 12th century File:Castelul Lazar, Lazarea.jpgLázár Castle File:Hídvégi Mikó Ferenc - 2013.06.19 (2).JPGMikó Castle File:Korond.jpgPottery shop in Corund/Korond File:Lacul Rosu 092.jpgMountains surrounding the Red Lake File:Kezdi centre6.jpgTârgu Secuiesc/ town in the Székely Land File:Szeklergaterem.jpgA typical Székely gate in Remetea/Gyergyóremete Image:Decorated woden artefact from Seklerland.jpgDecorated wooden weaving tool from Székely Land Image:Kürtőskalács.jpgKürtőskalács, a local treat Image:Sovata 2.jpgSalt- water lake in Sovata/Szováta Image:Gábor Áron Bereck.jpgÁron Gábor's sculpture in Bretcu/Bereck Image:Kőrösi Csoma Sándor szobra Kovásznán.jpgAlexander Csoma de Kőrös' statue in Covasna/Kovászna File:Sacrifice cup - Székely Land.jpgSacrifice cup - Sándor family File:Székely flag (1).JPGSzékely flag flying above the Hungarian Parliament Building, Budapest File:Területi autonómiát Székelyföldnek ! - Budapest, 2014.03.10 (19).JPGDemonstration in Budapest on the Székely National Day See also * Hungarians in Romania * Hungarian Autonomous Province * Ethnic clashes of Târgu Mureş * Szekler National Council * Székely Himnusz * Székely Land football team Notes :1."The Romanian hatred of Hungarians reminds us of the Croatian hatred of Serbs. Olteanu's method was to decapitate the men "by the use of axes" or impale them in front of their families" (Eric Markusen, David Kopf, The Holocaust and strategic bombing: genocide and total war in the twentieth century, Westview Press, 1995, p. 116) References External links * Székely Anthem * Szeklerland Portal * Szekler National Council * The Population of Covasna and Harghita Counties. Aspects of Interethnic Co-Existence * Kézdi.Infó Digital Community Service Category:Székely Category:Geography of Transylvania Category:Historical regions of Transylvania "

❤️ National Journal 🐗

"National Journal is an advisory services company based in Washington, D.C., offering services in government affairs, advocacy communications, stakeholder mapping, and policy brands research for government and business leaders. It publishes daily journalism covering politics and public policy and is led by President Kevin Turpin,National Journal: Kevin Turpin page National Journal Daily Editor in Chief Jeff Dufour, and Hotline Editor in Chief Leah Askarinam. Initially popularized by its weekly magazine, which closed in December 2015 after 46 years of publication, National Journal shifted to a paid membership model in 2011 and began providing strategic research and analysis through its suite of products for government affairs and public policy professionals. National Journal now serves over 1,000 members from both the public and private sectors. History and profile National Journal was founded in 1969 as the Government Research Corporation, a premium research service and journalism company, and was published for many years by the Times Mirror Corporation, which also owned the Los Angeles Times at the time. David G. Bradley, who founded the Advisory Board Company and Corporate Executive Board, purchased National Journal and The Hotline from Times Mirror in 1997 to form the National Journal Group. Bradley also acquired Government Executive in his deal for National Journal, and added The Atlantic magazine soon after in 1999. Bradley later consolidated the properties to form Atlantic Media. In 2005, Bradley centralized all of his publications at Atlantic Media's headquarters in the Watergate Building in Washington, D. C. Atlantic Media now publishes several prominent news magazines and digital publications including The Atlantic, Government Executive, and Defense One, in addition to The Hotline and National Journal Daily, which are published under the National Journal brand. Services and products National Journal's core membership package includes access to daily journalism including NJ Daily and The Hotline, research and syndicated content from Presentation Center, Washington Briefing, and The Almanac of American Politics, strategic support resources, and events. National Journal also provides research and advisory services. Launched in 2017, Network Science Initiative, a produce by National Journal, helps members achieve their advocacy and strategic goals by identifying key influencer networks surrounding specific policy areas and issues. In August 2020, National Journal launched Vignette, a database of in-depth profiles of influencers and policymakers at the federal, state, and local level as well as key international players. Members leverage this information to prepare for meetings and build stronger relationships in Washington. Journalism National Journal's editorial products include: * NationalJournal.com: NationalJournal.com covers politics and policy in Washington, DC, including the following issue areas: White House, Congress, politics, energy, environment, health care, defense, and technology and cybersecurity. * National Journal Daily: Originally known as Congress Daily, and rebranded in 2010 as National Journal Daily, the publication focuses on the legislative landscape and the inner workings on and off of Capitol Hill. * National Journal Hotline: Hotline is a digest of the day's political events relating to upcoming national elections. Published daily, Hotline condenses newspaper, magazine and digital political coverage from the previous 24 hours. Hotline "Wake-Up Call" releases daily coverage of the morning's political headlines; Hotline "Latest Edition" assembles election and campaign news across the country. Hotline reporters contribute to National Journal's overall political coverage. * The Almanac of American Politics: The Almanac of American Politics is a reference work that was published biennially by the National Journal Group from 1984 through 2014. In 2015, Columbia Books & Information Services became the publisher of The Almanac of American Politics. The Almanac aims to provide a detailed look at the politics of the United States through an approach of profiling individual leaders and areas of the country. Contributors Some of its best known current and former contributors have been: *Josh Kraushaar *George Condon, Jr. *Tom DeFrank *Marc Ambinder *Richard E. Cohen *Charlie Cook *Matthew Cooper *Clive Crook *Susan Davis *Yochi Dreazen *Ron Fournier *Major Garrett *Kasie Hunt *Fawn Johnson *Neal R. Peirce *Richard Rockefeller-Silvia *Patrick Pexton *William Powers *Jonathan Rauch *Murray Waas References External links * Category:Online magazines published in the United States Category:Weekly magazines published in the United States Category:Defunct political magazines published in the United States Category:Magazines established in 1969 Category:Magazines disestablished in 2015 Category:Magazines published in Washington, D.C. Category:Online magazines with defunct print editions "