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"A dimorphic root system is a plant root system with two distinct root forms, which are adapted to perform different functions. One of the most common manifestations is in plants with both a taproot, which grows straight down to the water table, from which it obtains water for the plant; and a system of lateral roots, which obtain nutrients from superficial soil layers near the surface. Many plants with dimorphic root systems adapt the levels of rainfall in the surrounding area, growing many surface roots when there is heavy rainfall, and relying on a taproot when rain is scarce. Because of their adaptability to water levels in the surrounding area, most plants with dimorphic root systems live in arid climates with common wet and dry periods. References Category:Plant roots "
"Krystyna Dańko, née Chłond (9 July 1917 – 6 August 2019), was a Polish orphan from the town of Otwock, daughter of Karol Chłond – a respected city official in prewar Poland – who was awarded the title of Righteous among the Nations by Yad Vashem in 1998, for saving the lives of Polish Jews during the Holocaust while risking her own life at the time of the Nazi German occupation of Poland.Yad Vashem, 2008, Featured Stories: Krystyna Danko, Poland The Righteous Among the Nations at The Holocaust Martyrs' and Heroes' Remembrance Authority "Dańko family," at the Muzeum Historii Żydów Polskich webpage (Museum of the History of the Polish Jews) Krystyna Dańko received her medal at the request of Maryna (Maria) Bartoń, née Kokoszko, whom she "smuggled" into a safer place from Otwock to Warsaw, where Maryna's extended family could take care of her. Unafraid of endangering her own life, Krystyna helped her Jewish friends by giving them food she bought, clothing as well as money, and by fulfilling their heartfelt requests. Sprawiedliwi wśród Narodów Świata (Otwocczanie): Krystyna Dańko. Source: Muzeum Ziemi Otwockiej. Internet Archive Several years before the outbreak of World War II, Krystyna Dańko established a close friendship with Lusia, the eldest daughter of the Kokoszko family, who was her high school classmate. Krystyna spent a great deal of time in their home. Once the Holocaust began, she did everything in her power to help the family survive the Nazis. "I was never afraid of anything", she said.Pawel Chadzynski, "Righteous Ones" Nowy Dziennik - New York Polish daily, December 13, 1999 Rescuing the Kokoszkos After the Kokoszkos' successful escape from the ghetto, Krystyna helped to hide them, including the father, mother and Helena (Lusia), in a secret location at a nearby village. She took the youngest daughter, age 6, on a train to the capital, where the girl was placed in a Polish orphanage in Warsaw under an assumed name. Layover yard in Otwock, September 19, 1942. In the distance, Jews sit on the ground overnight, while awaiting transport to Treblinka extermination camp. Clandestine photo Krystyna became the liaison between the family and their youngest child, delivering messages and information back and forth. Krystyna asked nothing in return for her heroic effort, stating that helping others was her moral obligation as a human being. Otwock Ghetto was liquidated on 19 September 1942, when 75% of its Jewish population, numbering around 8,000, was assembled at a layover yard in Otwock (pictured) and shipped to the Treblinka death camp.Sabina Bauman, "Czwarty marsz" (The Fourth March of the Living) Linia otwocka September 26, 2005. Jews who remained were summarily shot on Reymonta Street thereafter. Społeczny Komitet Pamięci Żydów Otwockich i Karczewskich (webpage), 2002-2007, featuring photo of Krystyna Dańko with Toronto writer Marian Domański (2007). Otwock Branch of Polska Rada Chrześcijan i Żydów (Poland’s Advisory of Christians and Jews). Sekcja terenowa; Zbigniew Nosowski, President. In 1951 Krystyna Dańko, née Chłond, married Mieczysław Dańko, a social activist from Otwock persecuted by the Stalinist regime. He died in 1982. Mieczysław Dańko, of "Dańko family," at the Muzeum Historii Żydów Polskich webpage (Museum of the History of the Polish Jews) She turned 100 in July 2017. Krystyna was honoured in Jerusalem as Righteous Among the Nations on 13 December 1998 for helping to save the lives of Eugenia, Helena, Maria, and Dr. Michał Kokoszko who settled in Warsaw after the war. The eyewitness testimony came from the youngest daughter of the Kokoszko family, Maria Kokoszko-Barton who submitted her deposition to Yad Vashem. Two other members of Dańko family were awarded their medals posthumously on 16 December 2008: Jadwiga Dańko, née Wojciechowska, (1904–1968) and her husband Mieczysław Dańko (1905–1982) who separately saved the Weczer family in Otwock. When members of the Weczer family arrived to the United States, the immigration office incorrectly wrote Wecer in the entry documents. Thus, Weczer which was pronounced (Wɛčər), went on to be pronounced as (Wɛsər). References * The International Raoul Wallenberg Foundation, Kystyna Danko, Poland Category:1917 births Category:2019 deaths Category:Polish centenarians Category:Polish Righteous Among the Nations Category:Women centenarians "
"Mary Percy, Countess of Northumberland (née Talbot; died 16 April 1572) was a courtier and noblewoman during the reign of Henry VIII of England. She was the daughter of George Talbot, 4th Earl of Shrewsbury. Her husband, Henry Percy, 6th Earl of Northumberland, had wished to marry Anne Boleyn instead of her. Family Mary Talbot was one of the eleven children of George Talbot, 4th Earl of Shrewsbury, and his first wife, Anne Hastings. Her paternal grandparents were John Talbot, 3rd Earl of Shrewsbury, and Catherine Stafford, daughter of Humphrey Stafford, 1st Duke of Buckingham, and Anne Neville. Her maternal grandparents were William Hastings, 1st Baron Hastings, and Katherine Neville, a younger sister of Richard Neville, 16th Earl of Warwick. Marriage In January 1524, Lady Mary was forced to marry Henry Percy, heir to the earldom of Northumberland, who had fallen deeply in love with Anne Boleyn, then a lady-in-waiting to Queen Catherine of Aragon. He naturally did not wish to marry Mary. It was Cardinal Thomas Wolsey who was responsible for breaking up the affair between Henry and Anne, reminding Henry of his precontract with Mary Talbot, with whom he had been betrothed from 1516.Alison Weir, The Six Wives of Henry VIII. p.157 After Henry's father, the 5th Earl of Northumberland, was quickly summoned to the English court and apprised of the situation, he took Henry Percy home to Alnwick Castle in Northumberland. The date of the marriage is debated, with estimates made between September 1523Alison Weir, The Six Wives of Henry VIII. p.158 and August 1525 or August 1526David Starkey, Six Wives:The Queens of Henry VIII, p. xxii It seems to have been an unhappy marriage from the start. Henry succeeded his father as the 6th Earl on 19 May 1527, and Mary was henceforth styled as the Countess of Northumberland. The marriage, however, was unhappy, and they had no children. In June 1532, Mary sought an annulment, on the grounds that her husband had a precontract with Anne Boleyn.Alison Weir, The Six Wives of Henry VIII. p.234 Percy was questioned by Henry VIII and the petition was thrown out by Parliament; the Percys remained married. Mary died on 16 April 1572, Henry Percy having died many years before on 30 January 1537. In later life, though she had a grant of abbey lands from the Dissolution of the Monasteries, she was suspect of being a Roman Catholic, a favourer of Mary Queen of Scots, and of hearing mass in her house. She was buried in Sheffield church. References ;Attribution Category:1572 deaths Category:English countesses Category:Daughters of British earls Mary Mary Category:16th-century English women Category:16th-century English nobility Category:Year of birth unknown Percy "