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"Etching engraved in 1889 by Alphonse Lamotte after the haut-relief Mirabeau answering to Dreux-Brézé by Jules Dalou modelled in 1883, also called Les Etats Généraux Henri Evrard, marquis de Dreux-Brézé (1762–1829) was a member of the French nobility who at the age of twenty-seven played a role in the meeting of the states-general in 1789. Brézé had succeeded his father Thomas as court master of the ceremonies to Louis XVI in 1781. During the opening stages of the Estates-General of 1789 it fell to Brézé to regulate the questions of etiquette and precedence between the three estates. That as the immediate representative of the crown he would offend the susceptibilities of the deputies of the Third Estate was perhaps inevitable, but little attempt was made to adapt archaic etiquette to changed circumstances. Brézé did not formally intimate to President Bailly the proclamation of the royal séance until the 20th of June, when the carpenters were about to enter the hall to prepare for the event, thus provoking the session in the tennis court. After the royal séance Brézé was sent to reiterate Louis's orders that the estates should meet separately, when Mirabeau replied that the hall could not be cleared "except at the point of bayonets". Brézé withdrew in the face of Mirabeau's aggressive stance but followed traditional protocol by walking slowly backwards with his embroidered tricorn on his head. Brézé reported the defiance of the Third Estate back to the king, who was awaiting developments in the nearby royal apartments. Louis reportedly responded "Damn! Oh well let them stay". After the fall of the Tuileries in 1792 Brézé emigrated for a short time, but though he returned to France he was spared during the Terror. At the Restoration he was made a peer of France, and resumed his functions as guardian of an antiquated ceremonial. He died on the 27th of January 1829, when he was succeeded in the peerage and at court by his son Scipion (1793–1845). References Category:People of the French Revolution Category:1762 births Category:1829 deaths Category:Peers of France "
"Saw IV is a 2007 horror film directed by Darren Lynn Bousman from a screenplay by Patrick Melton and Marcus Dunstan, and a story by Melton, Dunstan, and Thomas Fenton. It is the fourth installment in the Saw film series, the third directed by Bousman. The film stars Tobin Bell, Costas Mandylor, Scott Patterson, Betsy Russell, Lyriq Bent, Justin Louis, and Donnie Wahlberg. Set concurrently with the events of Saw III, the plot follows Officer Daniel Rigg, who is put through a series of tests by the Jigsaw Killer meant to help him let go of his obsession to save everyone, while also attempting to save his partners, Eric Matthews and Mark Hoffman. The film also explores John Kramer's legacy and his ability to manipulate people into continuing his work after his death, while providing more of his backstory and an additional explanation as to why he became Jigsaw. Saw IV was the first film in the franchise to not be written by Leigh Whannell. It was released by Lionsgate in the United States on October 26, 2007, and received generally negative reviews from critics. Despite this, the film was a box office success, grossing $139 million worldwide. A sequel, titled Saw V, was released in 2008. Plot A microcassette is found in John Kramer's stomach during his autopsy, which contains a posthumous message from John that informs Detective Mark Hoffman he will be tested. Elsewhere, two men – one with his eyes sewn shut, the other with his mouth sewn shut – awaken in a mausoleum, chained at the neck to a winch. The muted man can kill the blinded man to get a key from his collar and free himself. After Detective Allison Kerry's death in a Jigsaw "game," a SWAT team led by Hoffman and Officer Daniel Rigg and Kerry's FBI contacts Peter Strahm and Lindsey Perez arrive at the crime scene. Noting John and Amanda Young's physical limitations, Strahm speculates that a third accomplice was involved and becomes suspicious of Rigg, who became obsessed with saving people after Detective Eric Matthews' disappearance. That night, Rigg is attacked in his home and awakens to find a video from Jigsaw informing him that he must play a game to overcome his obsession and that Eric is alive (having been saved and held captive by Jigsaw for six months after he was left for dead by Amanda) and part of the game along with Hoffman, who has been kidnapped earlier that night; both men will be killed if Rigg doesn't complete the game within 90 minutes. Rigg finds a madam named Brenda bound to a chair in his living room and accidentally activates a trap, which tears her scalp off. He frees her but ends up killing her in self-defense when she attacks him with a knife to evade arrest. Rigg is then instructed to abduct motel owner and serial rapist Ivan Landsness. He forces Ivan into a trap, which requires Ivan to blind both of his eyes to escape. Ivan only blinds one of his eyes, and the trap dismembers him. Next, Rigg is led to a school where he once investigated the abuse of a young student, committed by her father. He finds that the student's parents are impaled by metal spikes: Rex, who has already died from blood loss, and his also abused wife Morgan, who has remained alive at his expense by pulling the spikes from both of their bodies. Rigg gives her a key to free herself, then turns on a fire alarm and goes to the location of his final test. Investigating Rigg's apartment, the agents find a clue that leads them to Jill Tuck, John's ex-wife, who reveals that she miscarried her son Gideon when Cecil Adams, a drug addict, slammed a door into her stomach while robbing her rehab clinic. The loss of their son destroyed their marriage and made John insane. At the motel, the agents learn that the room was rented out to lawyer Art Blank, John's former business partner, and the survivor of the mausoleum trap. Art is revealed to be the man overseeing the current game when he hands Eric a gun. At the school, Strahm and Perez find a puppet, whose face explodes and sends shrapnel into Perez's face. After she is hospitalized, Strahm questions Jill and learns how John ended his work with Art after falling into his depression, and that Cecil became the first victim of John's games. Strahm connects her story and a prior clue to the Gideon Meatpacking Plant, the location of Rigg's final test. Strahm arrives after Rigg, but ends up following Jeff Denlon, who is trying to pass his own game. He finds him in a sickroom with the corpses of John, Amanda, and his wife Lynn, and kills Jeff in self-defense. Meanwhile, Art pulls out a device that will free him, Eric, and Hoffman once the timer expires; if used before then, a pair of pincers will sever his spine. Realizing Rigg is meant to fail the game for them to survive, Eric shoots him to prevent him from entering the room too early, but Rigg opens the door nonetheless, which causes two ice blocks to crush Eric's head. Rigg shoots and kills Art, believing he is responsible for the game, only to learn from Art's tape recorder that his obsession with saving everyone resulted in Eric's death, who was meant to save himself. Hoffman, the actual Jigsaw accomplice, who was in no real danger, then releases himself, leaves Rigg to bleed to death, and seals Strahm in the sickroom. The film ends with Hoffman at the morgue; thus revealing that John's autopsy took place after the events of the film. Cast * Tobin Bell as John Kramer * Costas Mandylor as Detective Mark Hoffman * Scott Patterson as Agent Peter Strahm * Betsy Russell as Jill Tuck * Lyriq Bent as Officer Daniel Rigg * Athena Karkanis as Agent Lindsey Perez * Justin Louis as Art Blank * Simon Reynolds as Officer Lamanna * Donnie Wahlberg as Detective Eric Matthews * Angus Macfadyen as Jeff * Shawnee Smith as Amanda Young * Bahar Soomekh as Lynn Denlon * Dina Meyer as Detective Kerry * Mike Realba as Detective Fisk * Marty Adams as Ivan Landsness * Sarain Boylan as Brenda * Billy Otis as Cecil Adams * James Van Patten as Dr. Heffner * Kevin Rushton as Trevor * Julian Richings as Vagrant * Ingrid Hart as Tracy Rigg * Niamh Wilson as Corbett Denlon * Janet Land as Morgan * Ron Lea as Rex * Tony Nappo as Gus * Emmanuelle Vaugier as Addison * Noam Jenkins as Michael * Mike Butters as Paul * J. Larose as Troy * Oren Koules as Donnie Greco * Alison Luther as Jane Production Saw IV’s writers were Thomas Fenton, Marcus Dunstan, and Patrick Melton.Actual writer for Saw IV revealed There was also a hunt for a director before it was officially stated that Darren Lynn Bousman, who had originally passed on it, would again direct the fourth installment, with creators and executive producers James Wan and Leigh Whannell also returning.Bousman Returns to Direct Saw IV. ComingSoon.net, 2007-02-20.Darren Lynn Bousman Interview, SAW 4. Movies Online. Retrieved 2007-06-22. Principal photography took from April 16, 2007Date set for filming to May 3, 2007. The filming location was Toronto, Ontario;Location set for the filming of Saw IV the same place where both Saw IISaw II filming location MovieWeb retrieved 2005-27-10. and Saw IIISaw III filming location MovieWeb retrieved 2006-04-17. were filmed. The post- production period began on 19 May.IMDb post-production period In an interview with Bousman, he stated that the last work on Saw IV would happen in August to be able to have prints made. At Comic Con Intermeational 2007, it was revealed by Bousman and producer Mark Burg that the MPAA had given the film an NC-17 rating. They would have to figure out whether or not to cut the film to achieve an R rating or release it as an NC-17 film,Saw IV Too Much for Comic- Con Retrieved on 2007-08-07 the former of which they accomplished. Lionsgate held its fourth annual “Give Til It Hurts” blood drive for the Red Cross. Reception =Box office= The film grossed $63,300,095 in the United States and an additional $71,228,814 internationally, bringing the theatrical total to $134,528,909. It is Lionsgate's sixth highest-grossing film in the United States and Canada. =Critical reception= Critical reception to Saw IV was negative. Rotten Tomatoes reports an approval rating of 20% based on 81 reviews, with an average score of 3.8/10. The site's consensus states: “Saw IV is more disturbing than compelling, with material already seen in the prior installments.” On Metacritic, the film has an average score of 36 out of 100, based on 16 reviews, indicating "Generally unfavorable reviews". Scott Schueller from the Los Angeles Times called it “a film as edgy as a rubber knife” and said that “if the terrible craft of Bousman's film doesn’t turn your stomach, the borderline pornographic violence will. It’s disconcerting to imagine anyone enjoying the vile filth splashing the screen.” Frank Scheck from The Hollywood Reporter said “the famously inventive torture sequences here seem depleted of imagination”, but added that “it hasn’t yet jumped the shark like such predecessors as the Nightmare on Elm Street and Friday the 13th movies eventually did.” Peter Hartlaub from The San Francisco Chronicle called it “the Syriana of slasher films, so complicated and circuitous that your only hope of understanding everything is to eat lots of fish the night before and then watch each of the previous films, in order, right before you enter the theater.” James Berardinelli wrote that “Saw IV functions as a drawn-out, tedious epilogue to a series that began with an energetic bang three years ago with Saw, then progressively lost momentum, coherence, and intelligence with each successive annual installment.” A less negative review came from Jamie Russell from the BBC, who called it "deeply unsettling; just like a horror movie should be." Linda Cook from Quad-City Times gave it a positive review and said "The twists and turns are deadly, the 'lessons' are taught once again, and we have the perfect setup for Saw V." Home media The Unrated Director's Cut was released on January 22, 2008 in America and March 3, 2008 in the UK, on DVD and Blu-ray. An "Extreme Edition" was released in the United Kingdom only, before the release of Saw V in October 2008,Coolest DVD Packing Ever For UK 'Saw IV' Release and features a 95-minute running time of the film. This version of the film matches the unrated version released in the United States (since the BBFC have to classify every film by law, the term 'unrated' is not permitted on UK home video releases). =Extreme Limited Edition= This edition was only released in the United Kingdom. * Exclusive automated spinning Saw with a sound clip packaging * A copy of the Saw: Rebirth comic * Two audio commentaries (one with director Darren Lynn Bousman and actor Lyriq Bent; the other featuring the producers) * Video diary of Darren Lynn Bousman * Traps of Saw IV * Props of Saw IV * Music Video "I.V." by X Japan Soundtrack The soundtrack was released on October 23, 2007 by WEA/Warner Bros. Records. The film's theme song "I.V." was written by Yoshiki and performed by the rock group X Japan. References External links * 4 Category:2007 films Category:Crime horror films Category:2007 horror films Category:2000s serial killer films Category:American films Category:American sequel films Category:American splatter films Category:Canadian splatter films Category:Canadian sequel films Category:Canadian serial killer films Category:English-language films Category:Films scored by Charlie Clouser Category:Films directed by Darren Lynn Bousman Category:Films shot in Toronto Category:Lionsgate films Category:Torture in films Category:Canadian films "
"Ulanhot (; ), formerly known as Wangin Süm, alternatively Wang-un Süme, Ulayanqota (Red City) in Classical Mongolian, is a county-level city and the administrative center of Hinggan League in the east of the Inner Mongolia autonomous region. Formerly known as Wangyehmiao or Wangyemiao (), the city became the first capital of Inner Mongolia, the first autonomous region in China, on 1 May 1947, until the regional capital moved to Zhangjiakou in late December 1949; the regional capital moved again in June 1952 to Hohhot, which remains the capital to this day. The city is connected to Baicheng, Jilin by the Baicheng–Arxan railway (), which runs through the pass south of Ulanhot. China's National Highway 302 runs from Tumen, Jilin to Ulanhot. In the 7918 Network of Highways it will be on the route from Hunchun to Ulanhot . The city is also served by Ulanhot Airport (ICAO code ZBUL, IATA code HLH). Routes flown by Air China, Hainan Airlines and Genghis Khan Airlines connect Ulanhot with Beijing Capital International Airport and Hohhot. Just outside the city is a tomb from the Yuan dynasty and a temple dedicated to Genghis Khan. The temple was constructed in 1940. In the year 2002 it received funds for significant expansion. Climate Ulan Hot has a monsoon-influenced humid continental climate (Köppen Dwa). Winters are long, cold and dry, while summers are very warm. The monthly 24-hour mean temperature ranges from in January to in July, and the annual mean is . Over two-thirds of the annual rainfall occurs from May to August. References Category:Geography of Inner Mongolia Category:Cities in Inner Mongolia "