❤️ Bibliography of Prem Rawat and related organizations 🦅

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❤️ European Pressphoto Agency 🦅

"European Pressphoto Agency B.V. (EPA; stylised epa) is an international news photo agency. Images from all parts of the world covering news, politics, sports, business, finance as well as arts, culture and entertainment are provided by a global network of over 400 professional photographers and included in the epa news photo service. The epa picture service is based both on the broad network of epa's staff photographers all over the world and on the daily production of its member agencies, which are all market leaders in their respective countries. All photos are edited and distributed to clients and partners worldwide by the editorial headquarters in Frankfurt am Main, Germany, which is staffed 24 hours daily. The epa service epa built up a reputation for reliable, independent and unique photo coverage. The international picture service of epa is used by diverse media as well as EPA's partners and shareholders worldwide. At present epa’s editorial service offers approximately 2,000 new images on an average day. The service includes photographs in the areas of news, sports, arts, culture and entertainment, economy, human interest, and science. The epa archive The epa photo archive dates back to 1997 and has over six million images on stock, the majority of which can be accessed online. History epa was founded in 1985 by seven European news agencies. The agencies, AFP of France, ANP of the Netherlands, ANOP (now Lusa) of Portugal, ANSA of Italy, Belga of Belgium, dpa of Germany and EFE of Spain were motivated by what they saw as a lack of alternatives to the Anglo-Saxon picture services offered at the time. Originally conceived as a vehicle to exchange the pictures of the member agencies’ domestic service; it also included the world service of AFP and other European services and suppliers. It expanded to a more independent entity as Eastern Europe opened up. The opening of these new markets, along with the war in the former Yugoslavia, led epa to employ its own photographers in those regions. Despite these developments, epa remained under the auspices of their member/owners whom it exclusively served. = epa shareholders and epa going global = By 1995 epa had ten members with the additions of Keystone later in 1985, APA of Austria in 1986, and Lehtikuva of Finland in 1987. Pressensbild of Sweden joined in 1997 followed by Scanfoto (later Scanpix Norway) of Norway and Nordfoto (later Scanpix Denmark) of Denmark in 1999. pap of Poland joined epa in 2001. In early 2003 after extensive restructuring and the departure of AFP, epa successfully made its service available to the worldwide market. Later in 2003 Lehtikuva, Scanpix Denmark/Norway and Pressensbild (later Scanpix Sweden) decided not to continue as a shareholder of epa. However, Scanpix Norway, Sweden and Denmark continued cooperation with epa under the name of Scanpix Scandinavia. ANA of Greece (now ANA-MPA) joined epa as a shareholder in 2004 followed by mti of Hungary in 2005. Today epa has nine shareholders, all being market leaders in their respective countries: * Athens News Agency-Macedonian Press Agency (ANA-MPA) in Greece * Algemeen Nederlands Persbureau (ANP) in the Netherlands * Agenzia Nazionale Stampa Associata (ANSA) in Italy * Austria Presse Agentur (APA) in Austria * Agencia EFE in Spain * Keystone in Switzerland * Lusa – Agência de Notícias de Portugal in Portugal * Magyar Távirati Iroda (mti) in Hungary * Polska Agencja Prasowa (pap) in Poland Photojournalists Lucas Dolega, an epa photojournalist, was the first journalist to have been killed during the 2010-2011 Tunisian protests and the first journalist to have died during the Arab Spring uprisings.Committee to Protect Journalists. 17 January 2011. “Lucas Mebrouk Dolega.” Retrieved 16 October 2011 CPJ. "French photographer dies from injury sustained on day of Ben Ali’s departure", Reporters without Borders, 18 January 2011. Retrieved 23 January 2011 RSF"French photographer dies after being hit by police teargas canister in Tunisia", The Guardian, 16 January 2011. Retrieved 23 January 2011 The Guardian. See also *Associated Press *Reuters *Agence France-Presse *Getty Images References External links * epa european pressphoto agency (official website) * epa webgate (image archive) * Athens News Agency-Macedonian Press Agency (ANA-MPA) * Algemeen Nederlands Persbureau (ANP) * Agenzia Nazionale Stampa Associata (ANSA) * Austria Presse Agentur (APA) * Agencia EFE * Keystone * Lusa * Magyar Távirati Iroda (mti) * Polska Agencja Prasowa (pap) Category:Stock photography Category:Photo archives in Germany Category:Mass media companies established in 1985 Category:Photography companies of Germany Category:Photo agencies Category:1985 establishments in West Germany "

❤️ URO VAMTAC 🦅

"The URO VAMTAC () is a Spanish four-wheel drive military vehicle manufactured by the UROVESA. Externally it is similar in appearance and design to the Humvee of the United States Military due to similar requirements. More than 2,000 of the vehicles have been delivered to the Spanish Armed Forces. Several other countries operate the VAMTAC as well, and it has seen service most recently in Afghanistan and Syria. The vehicle comes in two models, named I3, S3 and ST5, and has several configurations. Development The URO VAMTAC was developed by the Spanish company URO, Vehiculos Especiales S.A. so that it would meet the requirements of the Spanish military for a multipurpose, air- portable, high mobility off-road vehicle with good payload capacity. Just as the HMMWV entered production in 1984 the Spanish army started to think of purchasing their own multirole vehicle that would replace Land Rovers. VAMTAC concept did not materialize until 1995 when a competition was held for a next- generation tactical vehicle. The American HMMWV was also a natural candidate for several reasons. UROVESA decided to design a vehicle that could exceed the US design. After the vehicle was tested by the Spanish Ministry of Defence, UROVESA received a five-year contract and the URO VAMTAC was produced from 1998 to 2003. In October 2005, the Ministry of Defence awarded a new five-year contract for the URO VAMTAC after a three-month trial period. This also introduced some changes, and the two models of the vehicle which were named T3 and T5, were re-designated as I3 and S3 respectively. The URO VAMTAC is similar in appearance and design to the U.S. Military's Humvee, because both vehicles were designed to meet similar requirements and specifications. Operational history URO VAMTAC of the Spanish National Police Approximately 1,200 units were delivered to the Spanish military under the initial contract from 1998. Roughly 60 percent of these were of the T5 model (later S3), and the rest were T3 (later I3). By late 2009, around 900 more units had been delivered under the second contract, bringing the total procured by Spanish forces to approximately 2,100 vehicles. All the vehicles delivered under the second contract have been of the S3 model. The military has equipped about 25 percent of the vehicles received under the initial contract with ballistic kits, increasing their armour. URO VAMTACs have been used by the Spanish National Police as well. In April 2013, the Vamtac was selected as the chosen vehicle for all branches of the Spanish armed forces. This means they will replace HUMVWVs used by Spanish Marines. A total of 772 vehicles were to be acquired over a 5-year period. The Spanish military has used the URO VAMTAC in Afghanistan, as well in Congo and Lebanon. Several other countries use this vehicle. All in all, according to a 2017 estimate, some 4,500 units are in service in more than 20 countries and so far in 50 different configurations. Operators Map of VAMTAC operators in blue with former operators in red =Current operators= * – 60-80 vehicles * – http://ordendebatallainternacional.blogspot.com/2012/05/ghana.html#uds-search- results * – 20 vehicles. VAMTAC ST5 RapidRanger variant. * – 255 vehicles * – 103 vehicles * – 1200 vehicles * – leased several prior to 2006, after which they were returned to Spain. Purchased 139 ST5 variant vehicles in October 2018. * – 100 vehicles, S3 and S3-HD variants * – 10 vehicles * – * – Spanish Armed Forces, National Police, Guardia Civil, Emergency Units 2900 vehicles =Evaluation-only operators= * – (on trial, not adopted) * – (on trial, not adopted) Features and characteristics The URO VAMTAC comes with four-wheel drive capability, and is available in three primary configurations – command and control, chassis-cab, and pick-up. The first comes with a four- door cab. The latter two versions are available with three cab types: two- door, four-door, or a four-door version with smaller rear doors and less cab space. Shelter type or cargo bodies such as hardtops can be added to the rear compartment, as well as weapons. It can accommodate a wide range of weapons including machine guns, grenade launchers, anti-tank missiles, 81 mm mortars, M40 recoilless rifles and light air defence missiles. The vehicle has a length of width of and a height of . The curb weight of the vehicle ranges from to , and has a payload capacity ranging from to . Both these specifications vary depending on the version. The URO VAMTAC has a range of more than , and can negotiate 70% gradients and 50% side slopes. It is powered by Steyr Motors' M16-"Monoblock" engine (6-cylinder, turbocharged diesel engine, 135 kW)UROVESA VAM TAC M16 TCI: Steyr-Motors.com coupled with a five speed automatic transmission. The I3 uses a engine, while the S3 is equipped with a one. Versions URO VAMTAC ST5 BN3 exhibited at Homsec 2015. The URO VAMTAC has been evolved in several versions: *URO VAMTAC Rebeco (1998-2003) *URO VAMTAC I3 (initially designed URO VAMTAC T3) (2004-2010) *URO VAMTAC S3 (initially T5) (2004-2010) *URO VAMTAC S3 ARMORED (2004-2010) *URO VAMTAC ST5 (since 2013) *URO VAMTAC ST5 BN3 (STANAG armor level 3) (since 2015) *URO VAMTAC SK95 (light artillery tractor on a ST5 chassis) (since 2018) Variants VAMTAC is available in many different versions with different body types. Most popular variants are pick-up, command/control and chassis-cab. The chassis-cab variant can mount different types of shelters or cargo compartments. There are several specialized variants of the URO VAMTAC according to the armament and configuration used. Several support variants have been produced with capabilities for towing, firefighting and resupplying. Notable variants include: *Ambulance vehicle with accommodation for two or four stretchers in the rear compartment. *Anti-tank vehicle equipped with either BGM-71 TOW or MILAN guided missiles. Currently Spain is installing its Spike missiles in these vehicles. *Anti-aircraft vehicle equipped with Mistral surface-to-air missiles. Currently Malaysia is installing its ZPU anti-aircraft guns. *Artillery vehicle equipped with Type 63 multiple rocket launchers and M-63 Plamens. *Command and communications vehicle, with separate compartment in rear section to accommodate communications equipment. This versión has four- doors, cargo space and communication masts fitted on the corners of the shelter. *PSYOPS vehicle, equipped with loudspeaker arrays. *Fast Attack vehicle, designed for Special Forces and equipped for long range reconnaissance and infiltration missions. File:VAMTAC ambulancia.JPG|Ambulance File:TOW E.T..JPG|Armed with BGM-71 TOW launcher File:URO VAMTAC with Mistral missile.jpg|Armed with Mistral launcher File:Uro vamtac - porta shelter.jpg|Communications vehicle File:Urovesa Vamtac Armored.png|Version equipped with Composhield add-on armor kit, on display at IDEX 2013 File:EstacionMeridaB.jpg|Fully integrated van-body File:VAMTAC Cardom Ejército español.jpg|Spanish LWB version with armored crew-cab and weapon-system on open rear bed See also *Humvee, which has a similar chassis and frame *Iveco LMV – an Italian four-wheel drive military vehicle. *Toyota Mega Cruiser – a Japanese four-wheel drive military vehicle, also similar in appearance and design to the US Humvee. ReferencesExternal links *UROVESA home page Category:Military vehicles of Spain Category:Off- road vehicles Category:Military light utility vehicles Category:Military vehicles introduced in the 1990s Category:Military trucks "