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"Conspicuous Service Cross can refer to: * Conspicuous Service Cross (Australia) * Conspicuous Service Cross (New York) * Conspicuous Service Cross (United Kingdom) "
"No. 9 Squadron was a unit of the Royal Australian Air Force (RAAF). The squadron was formed in early 1939 and saw active service in World War II as a fleet co-operation unit providing aircrews for seaplanes operating off Royal Australian Navy cruisers. It was disbanded in late 1944, but was re-raised in 1962 and later became an Army co-operation unit, flying helicopters in support of Australian troops during the Vietnam War. The squadron was disbanded in 1989 when the RAAF transferred its battlefield helicopters to the Australian Army's aviation regiments. History=Fleet co-operation No. 9 Squadron was formed on 1 January 1939 at RAAF Base Richmond by renumbering No. 5 Squadron. On formation, the squadron's first commanding officer was a Royal Air Force officer, Squadron Leader J.A.S. Brown. As Australia's only fleet co- operation squadron No. 9 Squadron operated amphibious aircraft from the Royal Australian Navy's heavy and light cruisers; each cruiser was assigned a single Seagull or Walrus amphibian. During the Second World War aircraft from No. 9 Squadron saw action with their parent ships in most of the world's oceans, ranging from the Arctic to the South Pacific on vessels such as HMA Ships Hobart, Sydney, Australia, Perth and Canberra. The amphibians were used to provide their parent ships with reconnaissance, anti-submarine protection, artillery spotting and general support. While the amphibians provided important support during the early years of the war, as the war progressed the Royal Australian Navy (RAN) enjoyed considerable support from land and carrier based aircraft and the amphibians were no longer necessary. In early January 1943, the squadron was transferred to Bowen, Queensland, from where its aircraft flew patrol operations. During 1944, all remaining RAN cruisers had their catapults removed and No. 9 Squadron was disbanded at RAAF Base Rathmines on 31 December 1944. Casualties during the war amounted to 22 killed, many of whom were lost when the ships they were serving on were sunk. Army co-operation A No. 9 Squadron UH-1D in Vietnam, 1970. No. 9 Squadron was re-formed at RAAF Base Williamtown on 11 June 1962 equipped initially with Walruses before being re-equipped with UH-1 Iroquois helicopters and moving to RAAF Base Fairbairn. While originally formed to provide the RAAF with a search and rescue capability, the squadron's main role rapidly became providing airlift to the Australian Army. The squadron deployed to South Vietnam in mid-1966 as part of the 1st Australian Task Force (1 ATF) and began flying operations on 30 June 1966. The squadron provided the Task Force with part of its helicopter support, although most of it was provided by the US Army. Problems soon arose between No. 9 Squadron and Army commanders as the Air Board insisted "regulations, framed for peacetime, should apply". This limited the scope of No. 9 Squadron's operations, and according to Owen Eather, prevented the Iroquois helicopters from operating in "'insecure locations' or undertaking roles that were 'offensive'". Eather contends that this "exhibited a lack of awareness by the RAAF of the requirements of the ground force in South Vietnam", and it hampered Army operations to the extent that No. 9 Squadron was temporarily grounded. Alan Stephens, in the official history of the post-war RAAF, asserts however that the latter report is a myth and that squadron records indicate it operated constantly during the period of its supposed grounding between June and September 1966. During the Battle of Long Tan on 18 August 1966 two No. 9 Squadron Iroquois flown by Flight Lieutenants Cliff Dohle and Frank Riley completed a hazardous mission to resupply D Company, 6 RAR which was heavily outnumbered and running dangerously low on ammunition. The mission proved vital in ensuring the survival of the Australian infantry until a relief force could fight its way through from Nui Dat and was completed despite heavy rain and the risk of ground fire. Following the withdrawal of the Viet Cong a number of helicopters were used to evacuate the Australian casualties from the battlefield. RAAF- Army relations improved considerably following Long Tan. No. 9 Squadron subsequently developed new operational concepts and procedures, achieving consistently high rates of aircraft availability, mission success and a low loss rate. A close professional relationship was also developed with the Special Air Service which saw the squadron provide rapid and precise insertion and extraction of patrols into jungle landing zones at tree top height. Soldiers from the 7th Battalion, Royal Australian Regiment unloading supplies from a No. 9 Squadron helicopter in 1967 While deployed to Vietnam, in 1967 the squadron was re-equipped with updated versions of the Iroquois, and was also reinforced with personnel from the RAN and the Royal New Zealand Air Force. Operations in South Vietnam proved hazardous, with aircrews regularly exposed to ground fire, poor flying conditions, nighttime medevacs and dangerously small jungle landing zones that were sometimes booby trapped with land mines. The unit lost seven Iroquois and two crewmen in action during its deployment. As part of the general Australian withdrawal, No. 9 Squadron departed South Vietnam on 8 December 1971. Upon its return to Australia, No. 9 Squadron was based at RAAF Base Amberley, where it continued to provide airlift to the Australian Army and search and rescue for the civilian community. Between 1982 and 1986, the squadron contributed eight aircraft and aircrew to the Australian helicopter detachment which formed part of the Multinational Force and Observers in the Sinai Peninsula of Egypt. In 1986, the Australian Government decided to transfer all of the RAAF's battlefield helicopter capability to the Australian Army after a decision that all battlefield helicopters should be controlled directly by the Army – a decision partly based on the Vietnam experience and problems that arose during the first few months of the deployment by having No. 9 Squadron based in Vung Tau under separate command, rather than co-located with 1 ATF at Nui Dat, approximately north. This had caused a number of problems with support for the task force with the Army initially regarding No. 9 Squadron as being unreliable and unwilling to expose themselves to enemy fire, unlike US Army units. During February 1988, No. 9 Squadron was re-equipped with S-70A Blackhawk helicopters. Upon converting to the new aircraft the squadron moved to Townsville where it was disbanded on 14 February 1989. The squadron's aircrew and aircraft were then used to form 'A' Squadron of the Australian Army's 5th Aviation Regiment. The squadron's last commanding officer was Wing Commander (later Air Chief Marshal) Angus Houston. Aircraft operated No. 9 Squadron operated the following aircraft types: * Supermarine Seagull (1939–1944) * Supermarine Walrus (1939–1944 & 1962) * UH-1 Iroquois (1962–1988) * S-70A Blackhawk (1988–1989) NotesReferences Further reading * External links * 9 R Category:Military units and formations established in 1939 Category:Military units and formations disestablished in 1989 9 9 Category:Cold War history of Australia "
"Digital Compression System, or DCS, is a sound system developed by Williams Electronics. This advanced sound board was used in Williams and Bally pinball games, coin-op arcade video games by Midway Manufacturing, and mechanical and video slot machines by Williams Gaming. This sound system became the standard for these game platforms. The DCS Sound system was created by Williams sound engineers Matt BootyPurdue University: Matt Booty's biography. Retrieved on 8 December 2010. and Ed Keenan, and further developed by Andrew Eloff.Andrew Eloff's LinkedIn page naming DCS games he developed the sound system for Retrieved on 9 May 2016 Versions of DCS *DCS ROM-based mono: The first version of DCS used an Analog Devices ADSP2105 DSP (clocked at 10 MHz) and a DMA-driven DAC, outputting in mono. This was used for the majority of Williams and Midway's pinball games (starting with 1993's Indiana Jones: The Pinball Adventure), as well as Midway's video games, up until the late 1990s. The pinball game, The Twilight Zone, was originally supposed to use the DCS System, but because the DCS board was still in development at the time, all of the music and sounds for this game were reprogrammed for the Yamaha YM2151 / Harris CVSD sound board. **DCS-95: This was a revised version of the original DCS System (allowing for 16MB of data instead of 8MB to be addressed), used for Williams and Midway's WPC-95 pinball system. *DCS2 ROM-based stereo: This version used the ADSP2104 DSP and two DMA-driven DACs, outputting in stereo. This was used in Midway's Zeus-based hardware, and in the short-lived Pinball 2000 platform. *DCS2 RAM-based stereo: This version used the ADSP2115 DSP and two DMA-driven DACs, outputting in stereo. This was used in Midway's 3DFX- based hardware (NFL Blitz, etc.). This system would be adopted by Atari Games, following their acquisition by WMS Industries. *DCS2 RAM-based multi-channel: This version used the ADSP2181 DSP and up to six DMA-driven DACs, outputting in multichannel sound. Pinball games using DCS *Attack From Mars (1995) (DCS95) *Cactus Canyon (1998) (DCS95) *The Champion Pub (1998) (DCS95) *Cirqus Voltaire (1997) (DCS95) *Congo (1995) (DCS95) *Corvette (1994) *Demolition Man (1994) *Dirty Harry (1995) *The Flintstones (1994) *Indiana Jones: The Pinball Adventure (1993) *Indianapolis 500 (1995) *Jack*Bot (1995) *Johnny Mnemonic (1995) *Judge Dredd (1993) *Medieval Madness (1997) (DCS95) *Monster Bash (1998) (DCS95) *NBA Fastbreak (1997) (DCS95) *No Fear: Dangerous Sports (1995) *No Good Gofers (1997) *Popeye Saves the Earth (1994) *Red & Ted's Road Show (1994) *Revenge From Mars (1999) (DCS2 ROM-based) *Safecracker (1996) (DCS95) *Scared Stiff (1996) (DCS95) *The Shadow (1994) *Star Wars Episode I (1999) (DCS2 ROM-based) *Star Trek: The Next Generation (1993) *Tales of the Arabian Nights (1996) (DCS95) *Theatre of Magic (1995) *World Cup Soccer (1994) *Who Dunnit (1995) Arcade games using DCS * Mortal Kombat II (1993) * Cruis'n USA (1994) * Killer Instinct (1994) * Revolution X (1994) * 2 On 2 Open Ice Challenge (1995) * Killer Instinct 2 (1995) * Mortal Kombat 3 (1995) * Ultimate Mortal Kombat 3 (1995) * War Gods (1995) (DCS2 RAM-based) * WWF WrestleMania: The Arcade Game (1995) * Cruis'n World (1996) * Mace: The Dark Age (1996) (DCS2 RAM-based) * NBA Hangtime (1996) * NBA Maximum Hangtime (1996) * Wayne Gretzky's 3D Hockey (1996) (DCS2 RAM-based) * Invasion (1997) (DCS2 ROM-based) * Mortal Kombat 4 (1997) (DCS2 ROM-based) * NFL Blitz (1997) (DCS2 RAM-based) * Offroad Challenge (1997) * Rampage World Tour (1997) * California Speed (1998) (DCS2 RAM-based) * CarnEvil (1998) (DCS2 RAM-based) * Gauntlet Legends (1998) (DCS2 RAM-based) * Hyperdrive (1998) (DCS2 RAM-based) * NBA Showtime (1998) (DCS2 RAM-based) * NFL Blitz '99 (1998) (DCS2 RAM-based) * Cruis'n Exotica (1999) (DCS2 ROM-based) * San Francisco Rush 2049 (1999) (DCS2 RAM-based multichannel) * Vapor TRX (1998) (DCS2 RAM-based) * Gauntlet Dark Legacy (1999) (DCS2 RAM-based) * NFL Blitz 2000 (1999) (DCS2 RAM-based) * Road Burners (1999) (DCS2 RAM-based multichannel) * War The Final Assault (1999) (DCS2 RAM-based) * CART Fury (2000) (DCS2 RAM-based) * The Grid (arcade game) (2001) (DCS2 ROM-based) ReferencesExternal links * Information on the Williams Digital Compression System (DCS) *Ask Uncle Willy #3: July 7, 1995 - The DCS Sound System. Category:WMS Industries Category:Pinball electronics Category:Sound chips Category:Sound production technology Category:Video game hardware "