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"Ronald McCaffer (born 1943) is Emeritus Professor of Construction Management at Loughborough University in Loughborough, England. He is a specialist in the management of the processes, technology, contractual and procurement systems of the construction industry. Biography =Early life and education= McCaffer was born in Glasgow, Scotland. He received a BSc in Civil Engineering from Strathclyde University in 1965. He was awarded PhD in 1977 from Loughborough University and DSc in 1998 from University of Strathclyde. =Academics career= At Loughborough University, McCaffer has been Head of Civil Engineering (1987–1993), Dean of Engineering (1992–1997), Deputy Vice- Chancellor (1997–2002), Director of Strategic Business Partnerships, Innovation and Knowledge Transfer (2002–2006), and Emeritus Professor (since 2009). Other appointments have included duties at the University of Technology, Malaysia, University of Hong Kong, University of New South Wales and visiting Professor at Glasgow Caledonian University. =Honours= McCaffer is a Fellow of the Royal Academy of Engineering (1991), Fellow of the Royal Society of Edinburgh (2009), Fellow of the Royal Academy of Engineering, Fellow of the Institution of Civil Engineers and Fellow of the Chartered Institute of Building. He is a member of the Board of Trustees of the British University in Egypt, and previously a member of Innovation East Midlands, a member of the Engineering Construction Industry Training Board and member of Court at Cranfield University. Books *Modern Construction Management *Management of Off Highway Plant and Equipment *Worked Examples in Construction Management External links *Home page *MERIT the international construction business game *Modern Construction Management Category:Academics of Loughborough University Category:Scottish civil engineers Category:Fellows of the Royal Academy of Engineering Category:People associated with Cranfield University Category:1943 births Category:Living people "
"Åsåker Station () was a railway station on the Spikkestad Linelocated at Åsåker in Asker, Norway. The station was opened as part of Drammenbanen on 22 December 1959, but in 1973 the new Lieråsen Tunnel opened through Lieråsen, and the old part of Drammen Line was transformed to a commuter train line. The station was served by the Oslo Commuter Rail service to Oslo S and onward to Moss. Åsåker is primarily a residential area. The station was closed in 2012 due to low traffic. Category:Railway stations in Røyken Category:Railway stations on the Spikkestad Line Category:Railway stations opened in 1959 Category:Railway stations closed in 2012 Category:1959 establishments in Norway Category:2012 disestablishments in Norway Category:Disused railway stations in Norway "
"List of discontinued Volkswagen Group diesel engines. The compression-ignition diesel engines listed below were formerly used by various marques of automobiles and commercial vehicles of the German automotive concern, Volkswagen Group,ETKA official factory data and also in Volkswagen Marine and Volkswagen Industrial Motor applications, but are now discontinued. All listed engines operate on the four-stroke cycle, and unless stated otherwise, use a wet sump lubrication system, and are water-cooled. Since the Volkswagen Group is European, official internal combustion engine performance ratings are published using the International System of Units (commonly abbreviated "SI"), a modern form of the metric system of figures. Motor vehicle engines will have been tested by a Deutsches Institut für Normung (DIN) accredited testing facility, to either the original 80/1269/EEC, or the later 1999/99/EC standards. The standard initial measuring unit for establishing the rated power output is the kilowatt (kW); and in their official literature, the power rating may be published in either the kW, or the 'Pferdestärke' (PS, which is sometimes incorrectly referred to as 'metric horsepower'), or both, and may also include conversions to imperial units such as the horsepower (hp) or brake horsepower (bhp). (Conversions: one PS ≈ 735.5 watts (W), ≈ 0.98632 hp (SAE)). In case of conflict, the metric power figure of kilowatts (kW) will be stated as the primary figure of reference. For the turning force generated by the engine, the Newton metre (Nm) will be the reference figure of torque. Furthermore, in accordance with European automotive traditions, engines shall be listed in the following ascending order of preference: #Number of cylinders, #Engine displacement (in litres), #Engine configuration, and #Rated power output (in kilowatts). The diesel engines which Volkswagen Group currently manufactured and installed in today's vehicles, and Marine and Industrial applications, can be found in the list of Volkswagen Group diesel engines article. Three-cylinder diesels :This section is about discontinued three-cylinder diesel engines, for current three-cylinder diesel engines, see list of Volkswagen Group diesel engines#Three-cylinder diesels. =1.2 R3 PD TDI 3L= This inline three-cylinder Turbocharged direct injection (TDI) diesel engine is the powerplant of the Volkswagen Lupo 3L and Audi A2 3L, with a low fuel consumption of only - hence the "3L" tag. It is based on the 1.4 TDI version, but the cylinder block is made of aluminium alloy, and some of the other components are lighter. ;identification: class: EA188, parts code prefix: ???, ID codes: ANY, AYZ ;engine configuration & engine displacement: inline three-cylinder (R3/I3) Turbocharged Direct Injection (TDI) turbodiesel; , bore x stroke: , stroke ratio: 0.89:1 - undersquare/long-stroke, 397.1 cc per cylinder, compression ratio: 19.5:1 ;cylinder block & crankcase: cast aluminium alloy (saving ); simplex-chain- driven balance shaft and oil pump, four main bearings ;piston and piston rods: Alcan aluminium pistons, trapezoid bearings shared with rods ;cylinder head & valvetrain: cast aluminium alloy; two valves per cylinder, 6 valves in total, each with two concentric valve springs, belt-driven single overhead camshaft (SOHC) ;aspiration: Garrett GT1541V turbocharger [Family 15, compressor wheel (exducer diameter), VNT (Variable-Nozzle Turbine)], side-mounted intercooler (upright), water cooled exhaust gas recirculation (EGR) system integrated in heating cooling circuit (not in 1.4 TDI) ;cooling system: increased engine coolant temperature of (in 1.4 TDI: ), oil cooler integrated in engine cooling circuit (heating cooling circuit in 1.4 TDI) ;fuel system: camshaft-actuated Pumpe Düse (PD) direct injection Unit Injectors, injection pressure up to (approx. pre-injection, min. main-injection), increased recirculated fuel temperature from underfloor cooler of (in 1.4 TDI: ) ;engine management: Bosch EDC 15P (variant spelling: EDC 15+) electronic engine control unit (ECU) (some few old ones EDC 15 only) ;exhaust system: lightweight construction: reduced wall thickness and steel sheet exhaust manifold (instead of cast-iron), one near-engine-mounted catalytic pre-converter, one main catalytic converter and an end muffler (instead of one underfloor catalytic converter, one underfloor muffler and an end muffler attached to 1.4 TDI) ;starter: strengthened Bosch starter motor (12V, 150A, 1800W with 9 tooth pinion) for stop-start system with quick-start- function and voltage stabiliser for airbag-system, radio and instrument cluster ;dimensions: ;DIN-rated power & torque output: SPORT mode: at 4,000 rpm; at 1,800-2,400 rpm, 80% available from 1,300 rpm ECO mode: at 3,000 rpm; at 1,600-2,400 rpm, "redline" is 3,000 rpm (instead of 4,800 rpm) ;idling speed: reduced while the car freewheels (above ) to 770 rpm (otherwise 850 rpm) ;mean effective pressure: (in SPORT mode) ;mean efficiency in driving cycle: slightly over 30% ;applications: Audi A2 3L (ANY:- A2: 03/01-08/05), Volkswagen Lupo 3L (ANY: 06/99-11/00, AYZ: 11/00-07/05) ;references: awards :was winner of two categories in the 1999 annual competition for International Engine of the Year - "Best Fuel Economy" and "1-litre to 1.4-litre" Four-cylinder EA111 diesels The EA111 series of internal combustion engines was introduced in the mid 1970s in the Audi 50, and shortly after in the original Volkswagen Polo. It is a series of water- cooled inline three- and inline four-cylinder petrol and diesel engines, in a variety of displacement sizes. This overhead camshaft engine features a crossflow cylinder head design, and directly driven auxiliary units. The exhaust side is in driving direction, closest to the front of the vehicle. :This section is about discontinued four-cylinder diesel engines, for current four-cylinder diesel engines, see list of Volkswagen Group diesel engines#Four-cylinder diesels. =1.3 R4 D 33kW= ;identification: parts code prefix: 031, ID codes: MN ;engine configuration & engine displacement: inline four-cylinder (R4/I4) diesel engine; ; bore/stroke 75 / 72 mm, 318.0 cc per cylinder, compression ratio: 22.0:1 ;cylinder block & crankcase: gray cast iron; five main bearings ;cylinder head & valvetrain: cast aluminium alloy; two valves per cylinder, mechanical valve-play compensation, single overhead camshaft (SOHC) ;fuel system: Bosch VerteilerPumpe VP25 mechanical distributor injection pump, indirect fuel injection into whirl pre-combustion chamber ;DIN-rated power & torque outputs : at 4,900 rpm; at 2,800 rpm ;application: Volkswagen Polo 1985-08 to 1990-07 =1.4 R4 D 35kW= ;identification: parts code prefix: 031, ID codes: 1W ;engine configuration & engine displacement: inline four-cylinder (R4/I4) diesel engine; ; bore/stroke 75 / 79.1 mm, 347.75 cc per cylinder, compression ratio: 22.3:1 ;cylinder block & crankcase: gray cast iron; five main bearings ;cylinder head & valvetrain: cast aluminium alloy; two valves per cylinder, mechanical valve-play compensation, single overhead camshaft (SOHC) ;fuel system: Bosch VerteilerPumpe VP25 mechanical distributor injection pump, indirect fuel injection into whirl pre-combustion chamber ;DIN-rated power & torque outputs : at 4,500 rpm; at 2,700–3,500 rpm ;application: Volkswagen Polo Mk2 1990-10 to 1994-07 NB. Not all technical details given in document showing the main characteristics of the 1391cc engine; they are assumed to be similar as it otherwise appears to be a longer- stroke version of the 1272cc. Four-cylinder EA827 diesels :This section is about discontinued four-cylinder diesel engines, for current four-cylinder diesel engines, see list of Volkswagen Group diesel engines#Four-cylinder diesels. The following are all part of the EA827 engine series with . =1.5 R4 D 33-37kW= ;identification: parts code prefix: 068 ;engine configuration & engine displacement: inline-four engine (R4/I4); ; bore x stroke: , stroke ratio: 0.96:1 - undersquare/long-stroke, 367.7 cc per cylinder, compression ratio: 23.5:1 ;cylinder block & crankcase: gray cast iron; five main bearings ;cylinder head & valvetrain: two valves per cylinder, each with two concentric valve springs, 8 valves total, shim-adjustable bucket tappets, timing belt- driven single overhead camshaft (SOHC) ;aspiration: cast aluminium alloy intake manifold, cast iron exhaust manifold ;fuel system: timing belt-driven Bosch mechanical distributor injection pump, indirect fuel injection into whirl chamber ;EWG-rated power & torque output, application, ID code: — Volkswagen Industrial Motor (682: 12/77-01/82) ;DIN-rated power & torque output, ID code: at 4,400 rpm; at 2,800 rpm — CK ;applications: Volkswagen Golf Mk1 (08/76-7/80), Volkswagen Passat B1 (08/77-7/80) =1.6 R4 D 36-40kW= ;identification: parts code prefix: 068 ;engine configuration & engine displacement: inline-four engine (R4/I4); ; bore x stroke: , stroke ratio: 0.89:1 - undersquare/long-stroke, 397.1 cc per cylinder, compression ratio: 23.5:1 ;cylinder block & crankcase: gray cast iron; five main bearings ;cylinder head & valvetrain: two valves per cylinder, each with two concentric valve springs, 8 valves total, shim-adjustable bucket tappets, timing belt- driven single overhead camshaft (SOHC) ;aspiration: cast aluminium alloy intake manifold, cast iron exhaust manifold ;fuel system: timing belt-driven Bosch mechanical distributor injection pump, indirect fuel injection into whirl chamber ;EWG-rated power & torque output, application, ID codes : — Volkswagen Industrial Motor (685: 12/81-10/88, 68D: 03/89-03/94) : — Volkswagen Industrial Motor (ADK: 04/94-07/96) ;DIN-rated power & torque outputs, ID codes : at 4,200 rpm; at 2,500 rpm — CS : at 4,800 rpm; at 2,300 rpm — CR : at 4,800 rpm; at 2,000 rpm — JK : at 4,580 rpm; at 2,300 rpm — JP ;applications: Audi 80 (CR: 8/80-7/82, JK: 8/82-7/89), Volkswagen Polo (JK), Volkswagen Golf (CR: 8/80-7/82, JP: 8/83-10/91), Volkswagen Jetta (CR: 8/80-7/82, JP: 12/83-10/91), Volkswagen Passat (CR: 8/80-7/82), Volkswagen Type 2 (CS: 01/81-07/87) =1.6 R4 D 40kW= ;identification: parts code prefix: 068, ID code: ME ;engine configuration & engine displacement: inline- four engine (R4/I4); ; bore x stroke: , stroke ratio: 0.89:1 - undersquare/long-stroke, 397.1 cc per cylinder, compression ratio: 23.0:1 ;cylinder block & crankcase: gray cast iron; five main bearings ;cylinder head & valvetrain: two valves per cylinder, each with two concentric valve springs, 8 valves total, hydraulic valve-clearance compensation, timing belt-driven single overhead camshaft (SOHC) ;aspiration: cast aluminium alloy intake manifold, cast iron exhaust manifold ;fuel system: timing belt-driven Bosch mechanical distributor injection pump, indirect fuel injection into whirl chamber, altitude corrector ;DIN-rated power & torque output: at 4,800 rpm; at 2,500 rpm ;applications: Volkswagen Golf (07/85-07/92), Volkswagen Jetta (07/85-07/91), Volkswagen Caddy (08/90-07/92) =1.6 R4 TD 44-51kW= ;identification: parts code prefix: 068 ;engine configuration & engine displacement: inline four-cylinder (R4/I4) turbodiesel; ; bore x stroke: , stroke ratio: 0.89:1 - undersquare/long-stroke, 391.1 cc per cylinder, compression ratio: 23.0:1 ;cylinder block & crankcase: gray cast iron; five main bearings ;cylinder head & valvetrain: two valves per cylinder, each with two concentric valve springs, 8 valves total, shim-adjustable bucket tappets, timing belt-driven single overhead camshaft (SOHC) ;aspiration: Garrett or Kühnle, Kopp & Kausch (KKK) turbocharger, cast aluminium alloy intake manifold, cast iron exhaust manifold ;fuel system: timing belt-driven Bosch mechanical distributor injection pump, indirect fuel injection into whirl chamber ;EWG-rated power & torque outputs, application and ID codes : — Volkswagen Industrial Motor (68A: 04/83-08/88), (686: 03/89-12/90) : — Volkswagen Industrial Motor (68C: 04/83-03/94) ;DIN-rated power & torque outputs, ID codes : at 4,500 rpm; at 2,600 rpm — CY, JR : at 4,500 rpm; at 2,500 rpm — JX ;applications: Audi 80 (CY: 02/82-03/87), Volkswagen Golf (CY: 8/81-7/84, JR: 08/83-10/91), Volkswagen Jetta (CY: 8/81-7/84, JR: 12/83-10/91), Volkswagen Passat (CY: 8/81-4/88), Volkswagen Type 2 (JX: 8/84-7/91), Volkswagen Type 2 Syncro (JX: 8/85-7/92), Volkswagen Type 2 (T3) (JX) =1.6 R4 TD 51kW= ;identification: parts code prefix: 068, ID code: MF ;engine configuration & engine displacement: inline four-cylinder (R4/I4) turbodiesel; ; bore x stroke: , stroke ratio: 0.89:1 - undersquare/long- stroke, 391.1 cc per cylinder, compression ratio: 23.0:1 ;cylinder block & crankcase: gray cast iron; five main bearings ;cylinder head & valvetrain: two valves per cylinder, 8 valves total, hydraulic valve-clearance compensation, timing belt-driven single overhead camshaft (SOHC) ;aspiration: Garrett or Kühnle, Kopp & Kausch (KKK) turbocharger, cast aluminium alloy intake manifold, cast iron exhaust manifold ;fuel system: timing belt-driven Bosch mechanical distributor injection pump, indirect fuel injection into whirl chamber ;DIN-rated power & torque output: at 4,500 rpm; at 2,500 rpm ;application: Volkswagen Golf Mk2 5/88-10/91 =1.6 R4 TD 59kW= ;identification: parts code prefix: ??? ;engine configuration & engine displacement: inline four-cylinder (R4/I4) turbodiesel; ; bore x stroke: , stroke ratio: 0.89:1 - undersquare/long-stroke, 391.1 cc per cylinder, compression ratio: 23.0:1 ;cylinder block & crankcase: gray cast iron; five main bearings ;cylinder head & valvetrain :RA: two valves per cylinder, 8 valves total, mechanical bucket tappets, timing belt-driven single overhead camshaft (SOHC) :SB: two valves per cylinder, 8 valves total, hydraulic valve- clearance compensation, timing belt-driven single overhead camshaft (SOHC) ;aspiration: Garrett turbocharger, intercooler, cast aluminium alloy intake manifold, cast iron exhaust manifold ;fuel system: timing belt-driven Bosch mechanical distributor injection pump, indirect fuel injection into whirl chamber ;DIN-rated power & torque outputs, ID codes : at 4,500 rpm; at 2,500 rpm — RA : at 4,500 rpm; at 2,500 rpm — SB ;applications: Audi 80/90 (RA: 04/88-07/90, SB: 04/89-12/91), Volkswagen Golf (RA: 04/89-02/90, SB: 08/89-10/91), Volkswagen Jetta Mk2 (RA: 04/89-02/90, SB: 08/89-10/91), Volkswagen Passat B2 (RA: 08/88-07/89), Volkswagen Passat B3 (SB: 08/89-10/93) =1.7 R4 D 42kW= ;identification: parts code prefix: 033, ID code: KY ;engine configuration & engine displacement: inline-four engine (R4/I4); ; bore x stroke: , stroke ratio: 0.92:1 - undersquare/long-stroke, 428.9 cc per cylinder, compression ratio: 23.0:1 ;cylinder block & crankcase: gray cast iron; five main bearings ;cylinder head & valvetrain: two valves per cylinder, 8 valves total, hydraulic valve-clearance compensation, timing belt-driven single overhead camshaft (SOHC) ;aspiration: cast aluminium alloy intake manifold, cast iron exhaust manifold ;fuel system: timing belt-driven Bosch mechanical distributor injection pump, indirect fuel injection into whirl chamber ;DIN-rated power & torque output: at 4,500 rpm; at 2,800 rpm ;application: Volkswagen Type 2 10/86-5/92 =1.7 R4 SDI 44kW= ;identification: parts code prefix: 028, ID codes: AHB, AHG, AKU, AKW ;engine configuration & engine displacement: inline four-cylinder (R4/I4) Suction Direct Injection (SDI); ; bore x stroke: , stroke ratio: 0.92:1 - undersquare/long-stroke, 428.9 cc per cylinder, compression ratio: 19.5:1 ;cylinder block & crankcase: gray cast iron; five main bearings ;cylinder head & valvetrain: cast aluminium alloy; two valves per cylinder, 8 valves total, timing belt-driven single overhead camshaft (SOHC) ;aspiration: cast aluminium alloy intake manifold, cast iron exhaust manifold ;fuel system & engine management: timing belt-driven Robert Bosch GmbH VP37 (VerteilerPumpe) distributor injection pump with direct injection (DI) ;exhaust system: catalytic converter, European EU3 emissions compliant ;DIN-rated power & torque output: at 4,200 rpm; at 2,200 rpm ;applications: Volkswagen Lupo, SEAT Arosa, Volkswagen Polo, Volkswagen Caddy Mk2 = 1.9 R4 D 44-50kW = :identification : parts code prefix: 028 ; engine configuration & engine displacement : inline-four engine (R4/I4); , bore x stroke: , stroke ratio: 0.83:1 - undersquare/long-stroke, 474.1 cc per cylinder, compression ratio: 22.0:1 - 22.5:1 ; cylinder block & crankcase : gray cast iron; five main bearings, die-forged steel crankshaft ; cylinder head & valvetrain : cast aluminium alloy; two valves per cylinder, 8 valves total, timing belt-driven single overhead camshaft (SOHC) ; aspiration : cast aluminium alloy intake manifold, cast iron exhaust manifold ; fuel system : timing belt-driven Lucas AEF mechanical distributor injection pump, indirect fuel injection into whirl chamber ; EWG-rated power & torque output, ID codes, application : — ARD: Volkswagen Industrial Motor (01/02->) : — 28B, ADG: Volkswagen Industrial Motor (28B: 01/90-03/94, ADG: 04/94->) ; DIN-rated power & torque output, ID codes : at 4,300 rpm; at 2,500-3,200 rpm — 1Y, AEF : at 4,400 rpm; at 2,200-2,600 rpm — 1Y ; applications : Audi 80 (1Y: 08/89-12/91), SEAT Ibiza Mk2 (1Y: 02/93-06/99), SEAT Cordoba (1Y: 09/93-06/99), SEAT Toledo (1Y: 05/91-03/99), SEAT Inca (1Y: 11/95-06/03), Škoda Felicia (AEF: 10/95-08/01), Volkswagen Golf, Volkswagen Passat B3 (1Y: 05/89-09/93), Volkswagen Polo 6N (1994–2001). =1.9 R4 TD 55kW= ;identification: parts code prefix:??? ID code: AAZ, ADE, ABL ;engine configuration & engine displacement: inline four- cylinder (R4/I4) turbodiesel; ; bore x stroke: , stroke ratio: 0.83:1 - undersquare/long-stroke, 474.1 cc per cylinder, compression ratio: 22.0:1 ;cylinder block & crankcase: gray cast iron; five main bearings ;cylinder head & valvetrain: cast aluminium alloy; two valves per cylinder, 8 valves total, timing belt-driven single overhead camshaft (SOHC) ;aspiration: Garrett turbocharger ;fuel system: timing belt-driven Bosch mechanical distributor injection pump, indirect fuel injection into whirl chamber ;EWG-rated power & torque output, ID code, application: — ADE: Volkswagen Industrial Motor (04/94-01/02) ;DIN-rated power & torque output, ID code: at 4,200 rpm; at 2,000 rpm — AAZ ;applications: Audi 80 (09/91-07/95), Volkswagen Golf, Volkswagen Transporter (T4), Volkswagen Passat, SEAT Ibiza Mk2 (02/93-08/97), SEAT Córdoba (09/93-08/97), SEAT Toledo (05/91-04/97), Volkswagen Vento Four-cylinder PERKINS and MWM diesels :This section is about discontinued four-cylinder diesel engines, for current four-cylinder diesel engines, see list of Volkswagen Group diesel engines#Four-cylinder diesels. The first engine was bought from Perkins while the latter was produced by MWM International Motores Brasil, and are the TCA 4.07 type =2.7 R4 D 48kW= ;identification: parts code prefix: 061; ID code: CG ;engine configuration & engine displacement: inline four-cylinder (R4/I4) diesel (D); ; bore x stroke: , stroke ratio: 0.91:1 - undersquare/long-stroke, 675.4 cc per cylinder, compression ratio: 21.0:1 ;cylinder block & crankcase: gray cast iron; five main bearings; die-forged steel crankshaft, gear-driven camshaft, cast aluminium alloy oil sump ;cylinder head & valvetrain: ????; overhead valve (OHV): two valves per cylinder each with two concentric valve springs, 8 valves total, solid cam followers with pushrods, rocker arms with manual tappet adjustment ;fuel system: camshaft-actuated mechanical fuel lift pump, gear-driven mechanical rotary injection pump with indirect fuel injection into pre-combustion chamber ;DIN-rated power & torque output: at 3,600 rpm; at 2,300 rpm ;application: Volkswagen LT (01/76-11/82) =2.8 R4 12v TDI 92-116kW= ;identification: parts code prefix: 062; ID codes: AGK, ATA, AUH, BCQ ;engine configuration & engine displacement: inline four-cylinder (R4/I4) Turbocharged Direct Injection (TDI) turbodiesel; ; bore x stroke: , stroke ratio: 0.90:1 - undersquare/long-stroke, 699.7 cc per cylinder, compression ratio: 19.1:1 ;cylinder block & crankcase: gray cast iron; five main bearings; die-forged steel crankshaft ;cylinder head & valvetrain: cast aluminium alloy; three valves per cylinder (two inlet, one exhaust), 12 valves total, finger cam followers, gear-driven single overhead camshaft (SOHC) ;aspiration: air mass meter, cast aluminium alloy inlet manifold, cast iron exhaust manifold, turbocharger, intercooler ;fuel system: Bosch VE mechanical rotary injection pump with direct injection (DI); AUH and BCQ only with Bosch Common- Rail;exhaust gas recirculation (BCQ only) ;DIN-rated power & torque outputs : — AGK (07/97-12/98) : — ATA (01/99-01/02) : — AUH (02/02-07/06), BCQ (05/02-07/06) ;application: Volkswagen LT Five-cylinder diesels :This section is about discontinued five-cylinder diesel engines, for current five- cylinder diesel engines, see list of Volkswagen Group diesel engines#Five- cylinder diesels. =2.0 R5 D 51kW= ;identification: parts code prefix: ???, ID code: CN ;engine configuration & engine displacement: inline five engine (R5/I5); ; bore x stroke , stroke ratio: 0.89:1 - undersquare/long-stroke, 397.1 cc per cylinder; compression ratio: 22.0:1 ;cylinder block & crankcase: gray cast iron; six main bearings ;cylinder head & valvetrain: cast aluminium alloy; two valves per cylinder, single overhead camshaft (SOHC) ;aspiration: cast aluminium intake manifold, cast iron exhaust manifold ;fuel system: mechanical distributor injection pump, indirect fuel injection into whirl chamber ;DIN-rated power & torque output: at 4,400 rpm; at 2,800 rpm ;application: Audi 100 (10/78-7/89), Volvo 240 =2.0 R5 TD 66kW= ;identification: parts code prefix: ???, ID code: DE ;engine configuration & engine displacement: inline five engine (R5/I5) turbodiesel (TD); ; bore x stroke , stroke ratio: 0.89:1 - undersquare/long-stroke, 397.1 cc per cylinder, compression ratio: 23.0:1 ;cylinder block & crankcase: gray cast iron; six main bearings ;cylinder head & valvetrain: cast aluminium alloy; two valves per cylinder, mechanical valve-lifters, single overhead camshaft (SOHC) ;aspiration: cast aluminium intake manifold, cast iron exhaust manifold, turbocharger ;fuel system: mechanical distributor injection pump, indirect fuel injection into whirl chamber ;DIN-rated power & torque output: at ?,??? rpm ;application: Audi 100 (7/81-12/87) =2.0 R5 TD 75kW= ;identification: parts code prefix: ???, ID codes: NC, 694 ;engine configuration & engine displacement: inline five engine (R5/I5) turbodiesel (TD); ; bore x stroke , stroke ratio: 0.89:1 - undersquare/long-stroke, 397.1 cc per cylinder, compression ratio: 23.0:1 ;cylinder block & crankcase: gray cast iron; six main bearings ;cylinder head & valvetrain: cast aluminium alloy; two valves per cylinder, hydraulic valve-play compensation, single overhead camshaft (SOHC) ;aspiration: cast aluminium intake manifold, cast iron exhaust manifold, turbocharger, intercooler ;fuel system: mechanical distributor injection pump, indirect fuel injection into whirl chamber ;DIN-rated power & torque output: at ?,??? rpm ;applications: Audi 100 (NC: 03/88-12/90), Volkswagen Industrial Motor (694: 09/90-07/92) =2.4 R5 D 55-60kW= ;identification: parts code prefix: 074, ID codes: 3D, AAB, AAS, ACP, AJA ;engine configuration & engine displacement: inline five engine (R5/I5); ; bore x stroke: , stroke ratio: 0.83:1 - undersquare/long-stroke, 474.1 cc per cylinder, compression ratio 22.0:1 ;cylinder block & crankcase: gray cast iron; six main bearings ;cylinder head & valvetrain: cast aluminium alloy; two valves per cylinder each with two concentric valve springs, 10 valves total, solid bucket tappets, timing belt-driven single overhead camshaft (SOHC) ;aspiration: cast aluminium alloy intake manifold, cast iron exhaust manifold ;fuel system: timing belt-driven Bosch mechanical distributor injection pump with electrical fuel cut-off, indirect fuel injection into whirl chamber ;EWG- rated power outputs, ID codes & applications : at ?,??? rpm — 751: Volkswagen Industrial Motor (09/83-06/93) : at ?,??? rpm — ACP: Volkswagen Industrial Motor (07/92-08/94) ;DIN-rated power & torque outputs, ID codes : at ?,??? rpm — AJA (04/97-06/03) : at ?,??? rpm — AAB (09/90-09/98), ACP (07/92-08/94) : at 4,200 rpm; at 2,200 rpm — 3D, AAS ;applications: Audi 100 (3D: 08/89-12/90, AAS: 05/91-07/94), Volkswagen Transporter (T4) =2.5 R5 TDI 85-103kW= This engine was never offered in North America. ;identification: parts code prefix: 046 ;engine configuration & engine displacement: inline five engine (R5/I5), Turbocharged Direct Injection (TDI) turbodiesel; ; bore x stroke: , stroke ratio: 0.85:1 - undersquare/long-stroke, 492.2 cc per cylinder, compression ratio: 20.5:1, viscous-coupled engine cooling fan ;cylinder block & crankcase: gray cast iron; six main bearings ;cylinder heads & valvetrain: cast aluminium alloy; two valves per cylinder, 10 valves total, sliding finger cam followers, automatic hydraulic valve clearance compensation, timing belt-driven single overhead camshaft (SOHC) ;aspiration: vane type air mass meter, cast aluminium intake manifold, KKK K16 (early versions) or K14 (later versions) turbocharger, side-mounted intercooler (SMIC) ;fuel system & engine management: timing belt driven Bosch VE (ABP) or VP37 (AAT, AEL) mechanical distributor-type injection pump with direct injection (DI); Bosch EDC electronic ECU ;exhaust system: cast iron exhaust manifold, catalytic converter ;DIN-rated power & torque outputs, ID codes : at 4,000 rpm; at 2,250 rpm — ABP (K16 turbocharger, no air mass meter, no EGR, no catalytic converter) : at 4,000 rpm; at 2,250 rpm — AAT (K16 turbocharger, up to 04/94) : at 4,000 rpm; at 1,900 rpm — AAT (K14 turbocharger, 05/94 onwards) : at 4,000 rpm; at 1,900 rpm — AEL (K14 turbocharger) ;applications: Audi 100 (AAT: 08/91-07/94, ABP: 06/91-07/92, Audi C4 A6 (AAT: 06/94-10/97, AEL: 10/94-10/97), Volvo 850, Volvo V70 Ph1 ;reference: Six-cylinder diesels :This section is about discontinued six-cylinder diesel engines, for current six-cylinder diesel engines, see list of Volkswagen Group diesel engines#Six- cylinder diesels. =2.4 R6 D24 51-60kW= ;identification: parts code prefix: 075, 076 ;engine configuration & engine displacement: inline six (R6/I6) diesel (D); ; bore x stroke: , stroke ratio: 0.89:1 - undersquare/long-stroke, 397.1 cc per cylinder, compression ratio: 22.0:1 ;cylinder block & crankcase: gray cast iron; seven main bearings, die-forged steel crossplane crankshaft, pressed steel oil sump ;cylinder head & valvetrain: cast aluminium alloy; two valves per cylinder each with two concentric valve springs, timing belt-driven single overhead camshaft (SOHC) directly acting on shim-adjustable bucket tappet valve lifters ;aspiration: cast aluminium alloy intake manifold, two cast iron exhaust manifolds ;fuel system: Bosch mechanical distributor injection pump, indirect fuel injection into whirl pre-combustion chamber ;EWG-rated power & torque output, application, ID codes: — Volkswagen Industrial Motor (761: 01/81-01/84, 751: 09/83-06/93) ;DIN-rated power & torque outputs, ID codes : — 1S, ACT : at 4,000 rpm; at 2,800 rpm — CP, DW : at 4,700 rpm; at 2,000 rpm — Volvo D24 ;applications: Volkswagen LT (CP: 08/78-11/82, DW: 12/82-07/92, 1S: 08/88-07/92, ACT: 08/92-12/95), Volvo 240, Volvo 740 ;reference: and Volvo pocket data booklet TP 0302035 7000.05.96 English =2.4 R6 D24T 63-80kW= ;identification: parts code prefix: 075 ;engine configuration & engine displacement: inline six (R6/I6) turbodiesel (TD); ; bore x stroke: , stroke ratio: 0.89:1 - undersquare/long-stroke, 397.1 cc per cylinder, compression ratio: 22.0:1 ;cylinder block & crankcase: gray cast iron; seven main bearings, die-forged steel crossplane crankshaft, pressed steel oil sump ;cylinder head & valvetrain: cast aluminium alloy; two valves per cylinder each with two concentric valve springs, timing belt-driven single overhead camshaft (SOHC) directly acting on shim-adjustable bucket tappet valve lifters ;aspiration: cast aluminium alloy intake manifold, cast iron exhaust manifold, turbocharger ;fuel system: Bosch mechanical distributor injection pump, indirect fuel injection into whirl pre-combustion chamber ;EWG-rated power & torque output, application, ID code: — Volkswagen Industrial Motor (752: 09/83-06/93) ;DIN-rated power & torque outputs, ID codes : at 4,000 rpm; at 2,500 rpm — ??? : — 1G :; — DV : at 4,800 rpm; at 2,400 rpm — Volvo D24T (with EGR) : at 4,800 rpm; at 2,500 rpm — Volvo D24T (non EGR) ;applications: Volkswagen LT (DV: 12/82-07/92, 1G: 08/88-07/89), Volvo 740, Volvo 760, Volvo 940 ;reference: and Volvo pocket data booklet TP 0302035 7000.05.96 English =2.4 R6 D24TIC 70-90kW= ;identification: parts code prefix: 075 ;engine configuration & engine displacement: inline six (R6/I6) turbodiesel (TD); ; bore x stroke: , stroke ratio: 0.89:1 - undersquare/long-stroke, 397.1 cc per cylinder, compression ratio: 23.0:1 ;cylinder block & crankcase: gray cast iron; seven main bearings, die-forged steel crossplane crankshaft, pressed steel oil sump ;cylinder head & valvetrain: cast aluminium alloy; two valves per cylinder each with two concentric valve springs, timing belt-driven single overhead camshaft (SOHC) directly acting on shim-adjustable bucket tappet valve lifters ;aspiration: cast aluminium alloy intake manifold, cast iron exhaust manifold, turbocharger, intercooler ;fuel system: Bosch mechanical distributor injection pump, indirect fuel injection into whirl pre-combustion chamber ;DIN-rated power & torque outputs, ID codes : at 4,000 rpm; at 2,000 rpm — ACL : at 4,000 rpm; at 2,400 rpm — ??? : at 4,000 rpm; at 2,400 rpm — ??? : at 4,600 rpm; at 2,500 rpm — Volvo D24TIC (with EGR) : at 4,800 rpm; at 2,400 rpm — Volvo D24TIC (non EGR) ;applications: Volkswagen LT (ACL: 08/91-12/95), Volvo 740, Volvo 760, Volvo 940 ;reference: and Volvo pocket data booklet TP 0302035 7000.05.96 English =2.5 V6 24v TDI 110-132kW= This engine was never offered in North America. ;identification: parts code prefix: 059 ;engine configuration & engine displacement: 90° V6 engine, Turbocharged Direct Injection (TDI) turbodiesel; ; bore x stroke: , stroke ratio: 0.91:1 - undersquare/long-stroke, 416.0 cc per cylinder, compression ratio: 19.5:1, viscous-coupled engine cooling fan ;cylinder block & crankcase: compacted vermicular graphite cast iron (GJV/CGI); four main bearings, die-forged steel crossplane crankshaft with split crankpins, light alloy pistons (Kolbenschmidt on 120 kW, Mahle or Kolbenschmidt on 132 kW), simplex roller chain-driven oil pump, two-part multi-baffled cast aluminium alloy oil sump, oil filter module (incorporating oil separator) mounted within the 'vee' ;cylinder heads & valvetrain: cast aluminium alloy; four valves per cylinder, 24 valves total, initially: sliding finger cam followers, later: low-friction roller finger cam followers, both with automatic hydraulic valve clearance compensation, dual timing belt relay-driven 2x double overhead camshaft (2xDOHC - two overhead camshafts per cylinder bank - 'quad cam', one timing belt driven from the crankshaft drives both inlet camshafts, the second belt relay-drives the exhaust camshafts from the inlet), dual inlet ports ;aspiration: hot-film air mass meter, one turbocharger mounted within the 'vee', two all-alloy side- mounted intercoolers (SMICs), two cast alloy intake manifolds ;fuel system & engine management: timing belt driven Bosch VE VP44 mechanical distributor- type injection pump with direct injection (DI); early variants with proprietary electronic engine control unit (ECU) and European EU3 emissions compliant; later variants with water-cooled exhaust gas recirculation (EGR), Bosch EDC15 electronic ECU and EU4 ;exhaust system: cast iron exhaust manifolds, catalytic converter ;DIN-rated power & torque outputs, ID codes : at ?,??? rpm; at 1,400 - 3,200 rpm — AFB, AKN : at ?,??? rpm; at 1,400 rpm — AYM : at 4,000 rpm; at 1,400 - 3,600 rpm — BCZ, BFC : at 4,000 rpm; at 1,500 - 3,000 rpm — BDG : at 4,000 rpm; at 1,500 - 2,500 rpm — AKE, BAU, BDH ;applications: Audi A4 (AFB: 11/97-06/00, AKN: 07/98-09/01, AYM: 12/00-06/02, AKE: 12/00-05/03, BFC: 07/02-05/03, BAU/BDH: 06/03-12/04, BCZ: 06/03-12/05, BDG: 06/03-05/06), Audi C5 A6 / Audi C5 allroad (AFB: 04/97-05/00, AKN: 10/98-05/01, AKE: 11/99-08/03, AYM: 06/01-06/02, BFC: 07/02-08/03, BDG/BDH: 02/03-01/05, BAU/BCZ: 02/03-08/05), Audi D2 A8 (AFB: 06/97-06/00, AKN: 11/97-09/02, AKE: 11/99-09/02), Škoda Superb B5 (AYM: 12/01-08/03, BDG: 08/03-03/08), Volkswagen Passat (B5.5) (AFB: 08/98-08/00, AKN: 05/99-05/03, BAU/BDH: 01/03-05/05, BDG: 05/03-05/05) ;reference: awards :was winner of the "2.0-litre to 2.5-litre" category in the 1999 annual competition for International Engine of the Year Eight-cylinder diesels :This section is about discontinued eight-cylinder diesel engines, for current eight- cylinder diesel engines, see list of Volkswagen Group diesel engines#Eight- cylinder diesels. =3.3 V8 32v TDI CR 165kW= ;identification: parts code prefix: 057.A; ID code: AKF ;engine configuration & engine displacement: 90° V8 engine, Turbocharged Direct Injection (TDI) turbodiesel; ; bore x stroke: , stroke ratio: 0.91:1 - undersquare/long-stroke, 416.0 cc per cylinder, compression ratio: 18.5:1, up to cylinder pressure, ;cylinder block & crankcase: compacted vermicular graphite cast iron (GJV/CGI); two-part cast aluminium alloy oil sump, five diameter main bearings, die-forged steel crossplane crankshaft with shared crankpins, diagonally split connecting rods, simplex roller chain-driven oil pump, pistons oil-cooled by cast-in cooling ducts ;cylinder heads & valvetrain: cast aluminium alloy; four valves per cylinder, 32 valves total, sliding-finger cam followers with automatic hydraulic valve clearance compensation, 2x hybrid-driven double overhead camshafts (2xDOHC - two overhead camshafts per cylinder bank - 'quad cam', inlet camshafts are driven from a front-sited timing belt from the crankshaft, exhaust camshafts are gear-driven at the rear from the inlet camshafts) ;aspiration: twin-turbo: two electronically controlled turbochargers with variable turbine geometry (VTG) (one turbo per cylinder bank), maximum absolute pressure, combined 4-part inlet manifold and air-to-water intercooler mounted within the vee. With additional side-mounted coolant radiator and additional electric coolant pump ;fuel system & engine management: (Common rail system) Low-pressure fuel lift pump mounted underneath the car turns on only when starter is being operated (when cranking); after that an electromagnetic valve bypass the pump. It uses a gear-type lift pump mounted on the passenger-side cylinder head driven by the camshaft; it is used to supply the high-pressure pump with sufficient pressure. Bosch CP3 high- pressure pump is used driven by the timing belt. Max rail pressure is 1350bar. Watercooled return line fuel cooler with an additional cooling pump (runs all the time) and side-mounted radiator and air-cooled return line cooler mounted on the bottom of the car. six-hole solenoid injection nozzles, CR electronic injection control. Dual Bosch EDC15 engine management computers running in master/slave configuration. ;exhaust system: vacuum-operated water-cooled exhaust gas recirculation, two catalysts, European EU3 emissions standard compliant ;dimensions: length: , width: , height: ;DIN-rated power & torque output: at 4,000 rpm; at 1,800-3,000 rpm ;best specific consumption: 205 g/kWh (41.1% energy efficiency) ;application: Audi D2 A8 quattro (12/99-09/02) ;reference: =4.0 V8 32v TDI CR 202kW= When introduced in May 2003, this 4.0 litre V8 was the highest power and highest torque diesel V8 fitted in any production car worldwide. This was the second 'new' V engine from Audi which utilises new technologies - including chain-driven overhead camshafts and ancillary units, following the 4.2 40-valve V8 petrol engine first seen in the B6 S4. This engine was discontinued in July 2005, superseded by the bored-out and updated but fundamentally identical 4.2 V8 TDI. ;identification: parts code prefix: 057.B, ID code: ASE ;engine configuration & engine displacement: 90° V8 engine, Turbocharged Direct Injection (TDI) turbodiesel; , bore x stroke: , stroke ratio: 0.85:1 - undersquare/long-stroke, 492.1 cc per cylinder, cylinder spacing, compression ratio: 17.5:1, water-cooled alternator ;cylinder block & crankcase: compacted vermicular graphite cast iron (GJV/CGI); cast reinforcing bed-plate lower frame incorporating five main bearings with each bearing affixed by four bolts, three-part oil sump consisting of cast alloy upper section, a middle baffle section and pressed steel lower section, die- forged steel crossplane crankshaft with shared crankpins, diagonally fracture- split connecting rods, chain-driven ancillaries, oil filter module (incorporating oil separator and water-to-oil cooler) mounted within the 'vee' ;cylinder heads & valvetrain: cast aluminium alloy; four valves per cylinder, 32 valves total, operated by low-friction roller finger cam followers with automatic hydraulic valve clearance compensation, 2x double overhead camshafts (2xDOHC - two overhead camshafts per cylinder bank - 'quad cam') - the inlets driven in a relay method at the rear (flywheel) end of the engine by four simplex roller chains and the exhausts driven from the inlets by automatic slack adjusting spur gears at the front end, two unequal-length swirl-inducing switchable inlet ports, siamesed unequal-length exhaust ports ;aspiration: two air filters, two hot-film air mass meters, 'biturbo': two water-cooled Garrett GT1749 turbochargers with electrically actuated Variable Turbine Geometry (VTG) (one turbo per cylinder bank) operating up to 210,000 rpm with a maximum boost of , two air-to-air fan-assisted side-mounted intercoolers (SMICs), two separate cast alloy intake manifolds interconnected by a "feedthrough" system to equalise the turbo boost pressure in the two cylinder banks, two-position variable swirl flaps integrated into the intake tract ;fuel system & engine management: electric low-pressure fuel lift pump, one toothed belt driven injection pump, one central fuel distributor supplying two common rail (CR) fuel rails (one per cylinder bank), Bosch solenoid-valve injectors with seven- hole nozzles for homogenous fuel delivery, single and double pilot injection; Bosch EDC16 electronic engine control unit (ECU) ;exhaust system: twin water- cooled exhaust gas recirculation (mounted within the 'vee'), air-gap insulated fan-branch alloy steel exhaust manifolds, two close-coupled primary catalytic converters plus two main underfloor converters, Euro3 emissions standard ;dimensions: length: , mass: ;DIN-rated power & torque output: ; at 1,800-2,500 rpm ;application: Audi D3 A8 4.0 TDI quattro (05/03-07/05) ;reference: See also *list of Volkswagen Group petrol engines (current) *list of Volkswagen Group diesel engines (current) *list of discontinued Volkswagen Group petrol engines *list of North American Volkswagen engines *Turbocharged Direct Injection (TDI) *Suction Diesel Injection (SDI) *G-Lader *G60 - for detailed development info and progression of forced induction in Volkswagen Group engines *BlueMotion *list of Volkswagen Group platforms *list of Volkswagen Group factories References External links *VolkswagenAG.com - Volkswagen Group corporate website **Chemnitz (Germany) - engine plant Mobility and Sustainability **Kassel (Germany) - engine plant Mobility and Sustainability **Salzgitter (Germany) - engine plant Mobility and Sustainability **Polkowice (Poland) - engine plant Mobility and Sustainability **São Carlos (Brazil) - engine plant Mobility and Sustainability **Shanghai (China) - engine plant Mobility and Sustainability **Audi at a glance - includes information on the Győr engine plant *Audi-TDI-chronicle.com - official Audi history and timeline of the TDI engine * Category:Diesel engines by model Category:History of the diesel engine Category:Marine diesel engines Category:Lists of engines "