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"Thierry Le Luron (; 2 April 1952 – 13 November 1986) was a French impressionist and humorist. French DVD cover for a Thierry Le Luron compilation. Early life Born in Paris, France, to Francis Le Luron (1926-2012), and Huguette Gousserey (1922-2009). Debut In 1969, when Thierry Le Luron was a 17-year-old student at the Lycée Emmanuel-Mounier in Châtenay-Malabry, he and his friends created a band called "Les rats crevés" ("The Dead Rats") and performed a few gigs in the Hauts-de-Seine region. The band debuted in several Parisian cabarets, including L'Echelle de Jacob. Le Luron was featured on 4 January 1970 on the game show "Le jeu de la chance," a segment of the TV show Télé Dimanche. He won six consecutive times, first singing classic tunes before choosing to devote himself to imitation. He performed his first sketches on the same program, including the 1 February 1970 (imitation Adamo) and 15 February 1970 editions, even on the anniversary of Jean Nohain, when he sang for Prime Minister Jacques Chaban-Delmas and Jean Nohain. In 1971, Le Luron released his first album, Le Ministère patraque ("The Ministry out of sorts"), which became very popular. He gave his first performance as an actor in Bobino between February and March 1972 and opened for the Claude François tour in the summer of 1972. Success From November 1972 to July 1973, Le Luron hosted his first show, "Le Luron du dimanche" ("Le Luron on Sunday"), on the first channel of ORTF. It was created the same year as his new show was premiered at the Théâtre des Variétés. Thierry Le Luron performed every evening with some of his friends, his last acts were poignant. The band "Le Luron" included Jacques Collard, Jacques Pessis, Pierre Guillermo, Francis Diwo, Luc Fournol, and Bernard Mabille. The portraits, sketches and imitations were refined and gave birth to very elaborate performances at the Olympia (December 1976), Bobino (February-April 1978), Théâtre Marigny (October 1979 – June 1980), Thierry Fééries at the Palais des congrès de Paris (November 1980 – January 1981), De de Gaulle à Mitterrand at the Théâtre Marigny (January- December 1983), and Le Luron en liberté at the Théâtre du Gymnase Marie Bell (November 1984 – March 1986). The last show attracted about 400,000 viewers. He then worked mainly with Bernard Mabille and created the character of Adolphe Benito Glandu, caretaker at 22 Rue de Bièvre, a "fairly extensive caricature of the average Frenchperson: an individual with no particular equities, influenced by calamities, and that defines Le Luron: Petainist under Pétain, Mendesist under Mendès France, and Socialist May 10 to 11!". He also pursued an intense activity on television and radio: Chat en poche by Georges Feydeau as part of the TV show Au théâtre ce soir (released 24 October 1975) and Numéro 1 by Maritie and Gilbert Carpentier (March 1976 and June 1979). From 1978 to 1979, he hosted a weekly show, Les Parasites sur l'antenne, on France Inter including Pierre Desproges, Lawrence Riesner, Bernard Mabille and Evelyne Grandjean as columnists. In 1981, he recorded the theme song of the animated television series Rody le petit Cid. Thierry Le Luron later imitated Gilbert Bécaud on the TV show Champs-Elysees on 10 November 1984, singing and blackmailing the public's ignorance, in a song titled "L'emmerdant, c'est la rose" ("The rose is what's annoying"), with the rose being the symbol of the Socialist Party dedicating this song to President François Mitterrand. On 25 September 1985, he "married" Coluche "for better or for laughter" ("pour le meilleur ou pour le rire," a pun on the phrase "pour le meilleur ou pour le pire") to great fanfare in Montmartre. A few weeks later his "son," played by Carlos was born. Le Luron said: "I wanted Coluche to be dressed by Pierre Cardin. But...for Mourousi's marriage, he has to make both dresses". This statement, and the false marriage itself, are often interpreted as a public act of vengeance, especially by Le Luron's friends, as most of the attention was focused on Coluche, although the press commended both of them for their outspokenness. Death and legacy Le Luron was diagnosed with cancer at the age of 34, and cancelled his scheduled appearances in December 1985. He died on 13 November 1986. References External links * Biography (in French) Category:1952 births Category:1986 deaths Category:French humorists Category:French male singers Category:French comedy musicians Category:LGBT musicians from France Category:Deaths from cancer in France Category:20th-century French singers Category:French male writers Category:20th-century comedians Category:20th-century male singers Category:French impressionists (entertainers) "
"Transmitter Heusweiler The Heusweiler transmitter is a facility for medium wave broadcasting near Heusweiler, Germany, which originally went into service on 23 December 1935. On 19 June 1946 transmitter Heusweiler went in service again. Original transmitter It used a t-aerial, which was up-hung on two 35 and 31 meters tall wooden towers. The Heusweiler transmitter was destroyed on March 17, 1945 by war damage. First a t-aerial was used, which was, in the same year, replaced by a 50 metre tall steel framework mast insulated against ground, which exists still today and serves as reserve antenna. Replacement transmitters In 1948, a 120 meter high steel framework mast insulated from ground was built in Heusweiler. In the following years, the transmitting power of the Heusweiler transmitter was steadily increased. In 1965, another radio mast with a height of 120 meters was built, and in 1973 the transmitting power was increased to 1200 kilowatts, with the power reduced to 600 kilowatts at night. The Heusweiler transmitter was thereby the most powerful medium wave transmitter in Germany, and the most powerful transmitter of the ARD. From 1973 to 1994 the Heusweiler transmitter transmitted the program of Europawelle Saar. Current transmitter Since 1994, the transmitter has been used for broadcasting the program of Deutschlandfunk. The transmitting power is permanently 600 kilowatts, however Deutschlandfunk closed down all its Medium Wave transmitters, including the Heusweiler radio transmitter on December 31, 2015. In order to prevent a disturbing influence on car electronics by the transmitter, a net of wires was hung over the A8 Autobahn near the transmitter. The Saarland Broadcasting plans to put a second medium-wave transmitter in Heusweiler in service for an information program in the day hours. External links * http://www.algewe.de/Seite41.htm http://skyscraperpage.com/diagrams/?b60842 * http://skyscraperpage.com/diagrams/?b60843 * http://skyscraperpage.com/diagrams/?b45681 * http://skyscraperpage.com/diagrams/?b45682 * http://skyscraperpage.com/diagrams/?b46638 * https://maps.google.com/maps?ie=UTF8&z;=18≪=49.345051,6.914992&spn;=0.001391,0.003616&t;=h&om;=1 References Category:Radio masts and towers in Germany Category:Saarbrücken (district) "
"Andrija Artuković (19 November 1899 – 16 January 1988) was a Croatian lawyer, politician, and senior member of the ultranationalist and fascist Ustaše movement, who served as the Minister of Internal Affairs and Minister of Justice in the government of the Independent State of Croatia (NDH) during World War II. He signed into law a number of racial laws against Serbs, Jews, and Romani people, and was responsible for a string of concentration camps in which over 100,000 civilians were murdered and mistreated. He escaped to the United States after the war, where he lived until extradited to Yugoslavia in 1986.1986 extradition ruling, justia.com; accessed 10 February 2016. He was tried and found guilty of a number of mass killings in the NDH, and was sentenced to death, but the sentence was not carried out due to his age and health. He died in custody in 1988. Early life and career Andrija Artuković was born on 19 November 1899, in Klobuk, near Ljubuški in Austro- Hungarian-occupied Herzegovina to Marijan and Ruža (née Rašić) Artuković. He was one of 14 siblings raised on a farm. He studied at a Franciscan gymnasium (high school) run by the monastery in nearby Široki Brijeg, and obtained a doctorate in law from the University of Zagreb in 1924. From 1926 he was practising law in Gospić in the Lika region of the Kingdom of Yugoslavia. Ustaše activities Artuković joined the Croatian nationalist and terrorist Ustaše organisation which had been formed in 1929 and in 1932, he was one of the organisers of their small Velebit uprising in Lika, which involved an attack on a Yugoslav gendarmerie station by a group of Ustaše. Artuković fled Yugoslavia before the uprising commenced, escaping via Rijeka to Venice on 31 August. On arrival in Italy, the poglavnik (supreme leader) of the Ustaše, Ante Pavelić, appointed Artuković as an adjutant to Main Ustaša Headquarters and commander of all Ustaše in Italy, and Artuković adopted the pseudonym "Hadžija" (pilgrim). The uprising he helped organise was quickly and brutally suppressed by the Yugoslav authorities, which brought the Ustaše some public attention and prestige. In Italy, Artuković came into conflict with a group of supporters of fellow Ustaša Mijo Babić (known as "Giovanni"). In late 1933, Artuković left the country. After that he went to Budapest then Vienna where he was arrested and briefly detained in March 1934 before being expelled from Austria. He returned to Budapest, then after meeting Pavelić in Milan in early October, he travelled to London. He was arrested there after the Ustaše assassination of the Yugoslav King Alexander I in Marseilles, France. After his arrest he was handed over to French authorities, and spent three months in a Paris prison. In January 1935 he was extradited to Yugoslavia, and after 16 months spent in prison in Belgrade, he was acquitted by the Court for the Protection of the State. He was released on 16 April 1936, and briefly returned to Gospić before travelling to Austria in May. He later went to Germany, where he was involved in spreading Ustaše propaganda. In early 1937 he was living in Berlin when he was interrogated by the Gestapo, and under threat of arrest, he fled to France. This was followed by a stint in Budapest after which he returned to Berlin. By the late 1930s, the Ustaše had adopted the fascist principles of their financial backer and protector, Italy. Independent State of Croatia In late March 1941, Yugoslavia joined the Axis, but two days later, a pro-Allied coup d'état overthrew the government that had signed the treaty. In response, Adolf Hitler decided to invade and dismember Yugoslavia. The German-led Axis invasion of Yugoslavia in early April comprehensively defeated the Yugoslav military, and the country was divided up between the Axis powers. Before the Yugoslav government had capitulated, the Germans engineered the creation of the Independent State of Croatia, and placed Pavelić and the Ustaše in charge. Slavko Kvaternik, the most senior Ustaše still in Yugoslavia, proclaimed the Independent State of Croatia on 10 April 1941, and Artuković and the other émigré Ustaše returned to Zagreb. On 12 April, Kvaternik formed an interim government, which included Artuković. Pavelić arrived in Zagreb on 15 April, and on the following day, Artuković became the Interior Minister in the first Croatian government. As a member of Pavelić's trusted inner circle, Artuković carried out the orders he was given. On 17 April, to provide authority for Ustaše policies targeting Serbs, Jews, Roma and anti-Ustaše Croats and Bosniaks within the NDH, Pavelić proclaimed the Law Decree on the Defence of the People and the State. It prohibited any person from acting against the Croatian people and its interests, for which the penalty was death. Such alleged offences were to be dealt with in a summary manner by a panel similar to a court martial. On 22 April, Artuković announced that the NDH government would solve the "Jewish question" in the same way as the German government, and a week later, he issued further racial laws, and advocated a policy of terror. These first and subsequent racial laws were vaguely worded, permitting wide interpretation. The organisation charged with enforcing these laws was the Directorate of Public Order and Security, which was subordinated to Artuković's Interior Ministry. The Directorate was established in May, and was headed by Eugen "Dido" Kvaternik, the son of Slavko Kvaternik. In the meantime, Artuković participated in the Croatian-Italian border negotiations that took place between Pavelić and the Italian Foreign Minister Count Galeazzo Ciano in Italian-annexed Ljubljana on 25 April 1941. The Italians made a claim for the entire eastern shore of the Adriatic, but Pavelić made a counter-offer of that part of Dalmatia that had been offered to Italy in the secret Treaty of London of 1915. The earlier Pavelić-Ciano agreement became the basis for the Treaties of Rome, which ceded these areas to Italy, and Artuković also accompanied Pavelić to the signing of those treaties in mid-May. On 6 June, Artuković accompanied Pavelić during his visit to Adolf Hitler. On 24 February 1942, at the opening of the Croatian Parliament (), Artuković announced the creation of the Croatian Orthodox Church, which was intended to replace the Serbian Orthodox Church for Serbs living within the NDH. During the same speech, he promised that the NDH would take more radical action against Jews than Nazi Germany, referring to the Jewish people of the NDH as "insatiable and poisonous parasites" who would be destroyed, and stating that Croats had been forced to serve the Jews in pursuit of their "filthy" profits and "materialistic and grasping" ambitions. This speech preceded a systematic campaign against Croatian Jews which included mass deportations to NDH concentration camps and German extermination camps. After the government reshuffle on 10 October 1942, Artuković became Minister of Justice and Religion, then from 29 April 1943 until 1 October 1943 he was again the Minister of Interior. He was Secretary of State from 11 October 1943 until the collapse of the Independent State of Croatia on 8 May 1945. Andrija Artuković delivering a speech in the Sabor in 1942 Emigration, repatriation, and trials With other members of Government, he left Zagreb on 6 May 1945 and went to Austria. He was detained in an Allied camp in Spittal an der Drau. On 18 May 1945, British extradited some Croatian ministers and Prime Minister Nikola Mandić to the Yugoslav authorities. Artuković was not extradited, but he was released soon with remaining ministers. He left the British occupational zone, then went via the American to the French occupational zone, where his family was. In November 1946, he crossed the Austria–Switzerland border. In Switzerland, he declared a false name, Alois Anich, and a false visa. In February 1947, he asked Swiss authorities to get a Nansen passport. Some months later, they found out his real identity. Switzerland offered him to keep his Nansen passport provided that he and his family would leave Switzland until 15 July 1947. Exactly at that date, they took a plane to Ireland. About one year later, they entered the United States on a tourist visaJürgen Schoch: Der Deal mit dem kroatischen Faschisten – wie die Bundesanwaltschaft 1947 dem «Schlächter vom Balkan» half (NZZ.ch 13 January 2020) and settled in Seal Beach, California. He worked at a company owned by his brother. As an accused war criminal, Porajmos perpetrator and Ustaše official, he did not qualify for legal status in the United States and remained in the country after overstaying his visa. In July 1945, the Yugoslav State Commission for Investigation of Crimes of Occupiers and Their Allies declared Artuković a war criminal. The Government of the FPR Yugoslavia made a request for his extradition on 29 August 1951. Their request met with a seven years long bureaucratic delay in Los Angeles, California due to the influence of the Croatian émigré community and the Roman Catholic Archdiocese of Los Angeles, to whom Artuković and his family had appealed. On 15 January 1959, U.S. Commissioner Theodore Hocke rejected Yugoslavia's extradition request; the INS's grounds for refusing extradition was "...since the crimes for which extradition was requested were deemed 'political' by the court, if Artukovic were deported to Yugoslavia, he would be "subject to physical persecution".Depoartment of US State document A-124 artukovic case May 24, 1961, foia.cia.gov; accessed 10 February 2016. When the United States Immigration and Naturalization Service (INS) raised the question of the legal basis of the stay in the US of a large number of associates of and/or collaborationists with Nazi Germany, the Yugoslav authorities, under the initiative of the Special Investigation Court of the U.S. Department of Justice, renewed their request for Artuković's extradition. He was arrested on 14 November 1984, and a court process began in New York. During the trial, the United States Justice Department (USDOJ) attorneys referred to Artuković as the "Butcher of the Balkans". He was ordered extradited to Yugoslavia on 11 November 1986, where he was tried in the Zagreb District Court. He was found guilty of: *ordering the deaths of a lawyer and former member of the Yugoslav National Assembly, Dr. Ješa Vidić, in early 1941; *ordering the deaths by machine gun fire of 450 men, women and children in late 1941 because there was no room for them in a concentration camp; *ordering the killing of the entire population of the town of Vrginmost and its surrounding villages in 1942; and *ordering the execution of "several hundred" prisoners at Samobor Castle near Zagreb in 1943 by having them driven into an open field, where they were machine-gunned and then crushed by tanks. The court held that Artuković's intent had originated with "his Ustaša orientation, by which persecutions, concentration camps and mass killings of Serbs, Jews, Gypsies, as well as Croats who did not accept the ideology, were part of the implementation of a program of creating a 'pure' Croatia." In sentencing him to death, the court described him as one of the "ruthless murderers, who under the cover of 'protecting purity of race and faith' and with the aim of realising their Nazi-Fascist ideology, [... ] killed, slaughtered, tortured, crippled, exposed to great suffering, and persecuted thousands and thousands of people, among whom were women and children." He was sentenced to death, but the sentence was not carried out due to his age and poor health. Death Artuković died of natural causes in prison hospital in Zagreb on 16 January 1988. His son, Radoslav, requested information about his father's burial from the Yugoslav authorities. A special law was passed in Yugoslavia that the remains of those convicted and sentenced to death but who escaped execution, were to be disposed of as those of executed persons. It is unclear what happened to his remains. In 2010—at the request of one of Artuković's sons, Radoslav, a California native—the president of the Croatian Helsinki Committee, Ivan Zvonimir Čičak, called for authorities to investigate what happened to the remains. Footnotes References =Books= * =Websites= Category:1899 births Category:1988 deaths Category:Ustaše Category:People from Ljubuški Category:Yugoslav anti- communists Category:Croatian collaborators with Fascist Italy Category:Croatian lawyers Category:Croatian nationalists Category:Croats of Bosnia and Herzegovina convicted of war crimes Category:Croatian people convicted of crimes against humanity Category:Croatian collaborators with Nazi Germany Category:Croatian people convicted of war crimes Category:Croatian people who died in prison custody Category:Croatian prisoners sentenced to death Category:Croatian Roman Catholics Category:People extradited from the United States Category:Prisoners sentenced to death by Yugoslavia Category:Holocaust perpetrators in Yugoslavia Category:Faculty of Law, University of Zagreb alumni Category:Government ministers of the Independent State of Croatia Category:People extradited from France Category:People extradited to Yugoslavia Category:Prisoners who died in Yugoslav detention Category:Anti-Serbian sentiment Category:Persecution of Eastern Orthodox Christians Category:Genocide of Serbs in the Independent State of Croatia perpetrators Category:Romani genocide perpetrators Category:Independence activists Category:20th-century lawyers "